Ionic product constant units

Sigma (a) bonds Sigma bonds have the orbital overlap on a line drawn between the two nuclei, simple cubic unit cell The simple cubic unit cell has particles located at the corners of a simple cube, single displacement (replacement) reactions Single displacement reactions are reactions in which atoms of an element replace the atoms of another element in a compound, solid A solid is a state of matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume, solubility product constant (/ p) The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant associated with sparingly soluble salts and is the product of the ionic concentrations, each one raised to the power of the coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, solute The solute is the component of the solution that is there in smallest amount, solution A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture composed of solvent and one or more solutes. 

In Chapter 9, as in most of Unit 4, you learned about equilibrium reactions. In this section, you analyzed precipitation reactions. You mainly examined double-displacement reactions—reactions in which two soluble ionic compounds react to form a precipitate. You used the solubility product constant, Ksp, to predict whether or not a precipitate would form for given concentrations of ions. In Unit 5, you will learn about a class of reactions that will probably be new to you. You will see how these reactions interconvert chemical and electrical energy. 

The constant is called the ionic product of the solvent and it is just the value that causes the difference in acidity (basicity) parameter units between solutions of strong acids and bases, whereas the pvalue itself defines the width of the acid-base range of an ionizing solvent. Let us proceed with consideration of Franklin s definition. So, a substance whose addition leads to increase of the concentration of l+ particles in the solution (it means automatically that concentration of r decreases) is referred to acids on the contrary, if addition of a substance causes reduction of l+ concentration as compared with its concentration in pure solvent, it should be classified among bases. 

Because each AgCl unit contains only one Ag and one CF ion, its solubility product expression is particularly simple to write. Many ionic compounds dissociate into more than two ions. Table 17.4 lists a number of slightly soluble ionic compounds along with equations representing their dissolution equilibria and their solubility product constants. (Compounds deemed soluble by the solubility rules in Chapter 4 are not listed for the same reason we did not list values for the strong acids in Table 16.6.) In general, the magnitude of indicates the solubility of an ionic compound—the smaller the value, the less soluble the compound. To make a direct... 

The constant Kl is called ionic product of solvent and it is the value that causes the diEFerence in acidity (basicity) parameter units between solutions of strong acids and bases. The pKl value itself defines the extent of acid-base range of an ionizing solvent in logarithm units. 

The ionic mobility is the average velocity imparted to the species under the action of a unit force (per mole), i is the stream velocity, cm/s. In the present case, the electrical force is given by the product of the electric field V in V/cm and the charge per mole, where S" is the Faraday constant in C/g equivalent and Z is the valence of the ith species. Multiplication of this force by the mobihty and the concentration C [(g mol)/cm ] yields the contribution of migration to the flux of the ith species. 

So far, we have expressed the number of ions per unit volume by concentration. Physical chemists prefer to use activity to characterize the behavior of solutes in solution. As a solution becomes more concentrated and as the ionic strength increases, ions behave as if there were fewer of them present than would be indicated by their analytical concentrations. The activity of a component is related to its concentration by a proportionality constant known as an activity coefficient . Considerations regarding ionic activity become particularly important, when fluids are quite concentrated. An extension of this treatment is the use of the activity product to... 

In acidic solution the aquation of Co(CN)5N3 3 was found to be acid-catalyzed In the absence of anions other than CIO, the only reaction products were Co(CN)5OH2 "2 and HN3. Typical results obtained at unit ionic strength and 40°C. are presented in column 2 of Table V as pseudo first-order rate constants. 

It is very important to distinguish between the solubility of a given solid and its solubility product. The solubility product is an equilibrium constant and thus has only one value for a given solid at a given temperature. Solubility, on the other hand, is an equilibrium position and has an infinite number of possible values at a given temperature, depending on the other conditions (such as the presence of a common ion). The Ksp values at 25°C for many common ionic solids are listed in Table 8.5. The units are customarily omitted. 

The depolymerization rate constant ki, expressed in moles cm sec , is the product of Csat (or Keq) and 2 1> 2, 22, 27). The chemical meaning of such a constant is that for a given temperature, pH, and ionic strength, ki represents the maximum solution flux per unit area which can be expected from a given silica sample. At equilibrium this flux must be equal and opposite to the product of 2 and Cboi when Csoi = Csat i-e., dC/dt = 0. 

The Michaelis-Menten constant, AM, depends on the particular enzyme and substrate being used and on the conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength in the solution. Note that AM is independent of the enzyme concentration, in contrast to Emax. Theory shows that AM is approximately equal to the dissociation constant for the enzyme and the substrate, provided that the enzyme-substrate complex reverts to enzyme and substrate much more often than it goes on to generate product. Hence, a low AM corresponds to tight binding of enzyme to substrate and vice versa. The units of AM are moles per liter or just M. 

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