Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium

Decision recognizing the dossiers for the possible inclusion of mesotrione, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, silthiopham and gliocladium catenulatum in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant-protection products on the market... 

The objective of this Chapter is to give an overview of the sulfonylurea herbicides that either have been introduced to the market since 1995 or are currently in their later stages of development. These include flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, sulfosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, mesosulfuron-methyl, trito-sulfuron and monosulfuron for use in cereals ethoxysulfuron, azimsulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, flucetosulfuron, TH 547 and orthosulfamuron in rice foram-sulfuron in maize oxasulfuron in soybeans and trifloxysulfuron-sodium in sugarcane and cotton. 

At a rate of 2.5-10 g-a.i. ha , iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (AE F115008) (Table 2.2.9) [16] controls more than 50 different broadleaf weed species, including some very competitive weeds that cause a substantial reduction of cereal productivity, e.g., Galium aparine, Matricaria chamomilla, Stellaria media, Raphanus ssp.. 

Table 2.2.9 Physicochemical properties of iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium.

Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was the first safened sulfonylurea herbicide on the market [17, 18] when introduced in 1999 and has been commercialized by Bayer CropScience for use both in cereals and maize. A safener such as mefen-pyr-diethyl (cf Fig. 2.2.2) is a chemical that, when applied to crop plants, reduces the injury caused by herbicides to an acceptable level. A safener ideally does not... 

In cereals, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium is commercialized under the trade name Hussar as a straight product in a 1 3 ratio with the safener mefen-... 

The compound is applied on soft and durum wheat, triticale and rye, together with the safener mefenpyr-diethyl (Fig. 2.2.2) as the straight products Atlantis OF , Silverado and Osprey or in combination with iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium ( Atlantis WG , Cossack , Padfica ), diflufenican and propoxycarbazone-sodium (Table 2.2.12). 

The safener mefenpyr-diethyl, as with iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, selectively accelerates the degradation of the active ingredient to non-phytotoxic compounds in cereals but not in weeds. 

Foramsulfuron (AE FI30360) [48] is a postemergence sulfonylurea herbicide for the control of major grass species and certain broadleaf weeds in maize (Table 2.2.21). It is applied with the safener isoxadifen-ethyl (AE F122006) (Fig. 2.2.7) and in some products in combination with small quantities iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [49]. 

Introduced in 2001 and subsequently commercialized by Bayer CropScience, the three-way mixture of foramsulfuron with iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and isoxadifen-ethyl is used for postemergent weed control in maize. Foramsulfuron,... 

Foramsulfuron is commercialized with the safener isoxadifen-ethyl under the trade names Option and "Equip ", whereas in combination with iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium the ternary mixture is sold as "MaisTer ", "Mester ", "Fortuna " or "Equip Plus" and "Option 360" (Table 2.2.22). The... 

As already pointed out, mefenpyr-diethyl is a versatile safener and it has been commercialized in combinations with several single or mixed herbicides, including fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (e.g.. Puma S ), iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (e.g.. Hussar ) and mesosulfuron-methyl (Atlantis ). In general, the quantity of mefenpyr-diethyl required to provide adequate safening lies between 20 and 100 g-a.i. ha , and there is no set ratio between the rates of the herbicides and... 

Uptake studies were also carried out with the recently developed combinations of the safener mefenpyr-diethyl with the sulfonylurea herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, which are used for selective postemergence weed control in wheat crop. In both combinations the safener had no influence on herbicide uptake [29]. 

As already mentioned, it is a major advantage of mefenpyr-diethyl to act as a safener also in combination with sulfonylurea herbicides in cereal species. Combinations have been developed with the sulfonylureas iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and mesosulfuron-methyl. 

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