Iodine/ions

D) 4 -[N-Ethyi-1 "-Methyl-2 -(4" -Methoxyphenyl)Ethylamino]Butyi-3,4-Dimethoxybenzoate Hydrochloride 10.3 g of 4 -iodobutyl-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate and 11.0 g of N-ethyl-p-methoxyphenylisopropylamine (obtained by catalytic reduction of an alcoholic solution of an excess quantity (60%) of p-methoxy-phenyl-acetone, to which was added a 33% (weight-for-weight) aqueous solution of ethylamine, with Pt as a catalyst), were boiled in 200 ml of methyl ethyl ketone for 20 hours, cooled and the iodine ion was determined the reaction was found to be complete. Then the methyl ethyl ketone was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 300 ml of water and 30 ml of ether the layers were separated and the water layer was extracted twice more with 20 ml portions of ether. 

The activated complex can be described as involving resonance of the fourth bond of carbon between the hydroxyl and iodine ions. Some very interesting rough quantum-mechanical calculations bearing on the theory of chemical reactions have been made of Eyring and Polanyi and their collaborators. It is to be hoped that the quantitative treatments can be made more precise and more-reliable but before this can be done effectively there must take place the extensive development of the qualitative theory of chemical reactions, probably in terms of resonance. 

In the CeSI (115) and NdSBr (334) type of structure, bromine and iodine are coordinated to five metal ions (four of the same layer, and one of the opposite layer) and four halogen ions of the double layer. In the SmSI type (335), iodine is coordinated to three metal ions of a [LS] layer and three other iodine ions of the double layer. In the FeOCl type of compound, such as ErSCl (355) and LuSBr (85), the halogen is surrounded by a polyhedron formed by six sulfur and four halogenide ions. 

The alkali iodide isomeric shifts (13) number of iodine ion p holes calculated rupole resonance data (25) the sum of overlap integrals (11) the fractional iodine ion density computed from the isomeric shift data. Equation 7, and 8. 

F or a completely ionic bond the ionicity, I, must be 1 for a completely covalent bond, 1 = 0. For the alkali iodides the ionicity and hence the number of iodine 5p electrons (y = 5 + 1) should increase from Lil to Csl since the electronegativity difference between iodine and the alkali increases. This implies that the iodine ion configuration, 5 5p, should most closely approach the 5s 5p xenon configuration for Csl. Since is decreased by increases in the 5p population, we would... 

The reduction-oxidation equilibrium of iron and iodine ions in aqueous solution ... 

Molecular iodine is a deep violet-red colour. Iodine ions are colourless. Thus, when an antioxidant reduces the iodine molecules in a solution, the iodine colour disappears completely. 

It occurs in seawater where some species of seaweed and kelp accumulate the element in their cells. It is also recovered from deep brine wells found in Chile, Indonesia, Japan, and Michigan, Arkansas, and Oklahoma in the United States. The iodine is recovered from cremated ashes of seaweed. The ashes are leached with water to remove the unwanted salts. Finally, manganese dioxide (MnO ) is added to oxidize the iodine ions (1 ) to produce elemental diatomic iodine (y. The following reaction takes place 41 " + MnO —> Mnl + I. + 202-... 

Table 9. Volume per iodine ion in divalent ionic iodides (data from Wyckoff (24))...

Blandamer et al (1964) pointed out that the absorption spectrum of iodine ions (I ) in NH3 has its maximum at Jtv=4.0eV the difference from that for an electron in a cavity, 4.0-0.8= 3.2eV, corresponds well to the electron affinity of iodine. In water the maxima for both I and a solvated electron are shifted by 0.8 eV to higher frequencies we deduce that the energy of the bottom of the conduction band in water is about 0.8 eV. 

Boron, which occurs in the second period of the periodic system as a tervalent ion, is naturally very small (see Table F), and, in the compounds which it forms with the halogens, the boron ion will be completely shielded by the three halogen ions, so that the boron halides are thus compounds with low boiling points. Of the halogen ions, iodine, which contains the most electrons, is the largest. In aluminium iodide the three iodine ions will shield the aluminium ion, as also do the somewhat smaller bromine or chlorine ions in... 

A positively charged AgCl particle can be discharged by ions other than those of chlorine bromine and iodine ions have the same effect. In fact, these ions are held particularly strongly by the silver ions. Now it is to be noted that other negative ions, for example NO ", can destroy the charge of a positive sol provided they are... 

A similar fitting procedure was also used in Ref. [61], but for determination of the contact radius from the purely diffusional quenching of IV-acetyltrypto-phanamide by iodine ions whose quenching efficiency was known to be 1 (kc = oo) [62]. These ions catalyze the intersystem crossing according to the general scheme (3.1), where Q is I-. Since electrostatic interaction are negligible in water (V = 0), the simplest Smoluchowski expression (3.23) was used in Eq. (3.4) to find the best fit ... 

In the course of this reaction hydrogen ions are used up it is therefore obvious that the presence of hydrogen ions will aid in the displacement of iodine ions by oxygen. In a neutral potassium iodide solution no iodine is observed and it is thus apparent that the help of hydrogen ions is necessary to accomplish the liberation of iodine. 

The reaction is the same as that involved in the usual chemical preparation of iodoform, whereby a colorless solution of hypoiodite (obtained by dissolving iodine in a sufficient quantity of potassium-hydroxide solution) is made to react with alcohol. The decomposition potential of potassium iodide, investigated by Dony-Henault,2 show s that the iodine as such does not act on the alcohol, but only after its conversion into hypoiodite. The iodine ions are set free at the same anode potential no matter if alcohol is added or not. The alcohol does not act as a depolarizer towards the iodine ion the electrical iodoform synthesis is a typical secondary process. 

As a result of the influence of the very great polarizability of the iodine ion it can happen that the order of the boiling points of the alkali iodides is just such that lithium iodide shows the lowest boiling point. Thus it can also be made plausible that... 

In the precursor film, the spectroscopic analyses showed that TCNQ molecules form slipped dimers with their molecular planes almost parallel to the film surface [32]. On the other hand, the structure of the conductive film is very different from this, due to iodine doping. The presence of iodine ions enables calculation of the linear electron density function along the normal of the film by x-ray diffraction analyses [33]. The results are explained by a model that involves the interdigitation of adjacent molecules shown in Fig. 4, which is consistent with the spectroscopic results [32]. 

To separate sulfur-containing organophosphate insecticides, a column temperature of 180° C. and a nitrogen carrier gas flow of 39 ml. per minute were used. The coulometer was operated at maximum sensitivity (512 ohms) at a damping position of 4 and a bias of +100. An iodine-iodine ion cell was used. 

The lower values given in the second column of Table XIV are due to the fact that the ionization potential (considering iodine) represents the energy involved in removing from the atom of iodine one of its paired p electrons, since the iodine ion according to the rule of Hund will have the following configuration ... 

At low temperatures silver iodide forms a structure in which silver has a coordination number of four. On raising the temperature the lattice is deformed so that three iodine atoms are closer to the silver atom than the fourth. Above 146° C a further transformation occurs to give a structure in which the iodine ions form a body centred cubic lattice and the silver ions move freely in the interstices. Owing to the free mobility of the silver ions, the high temperature form conducts electricity. 

With iodine ion (I ), a good nucleophile that is a weak base, substitution is the predominant reaction. 

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