Iodine headache

The first extensively tested RES-specific contrast agent on the basis of iodinated lipids was EOE-13 with its precursors, AG 52-315 and AG 60-99. EOE-13 is an aqueous emulsion of the iodinated ester of poppy seed oil and is able to selectively enhance the normal liver and spleen parenchyma [10-12]. However, severe adverse events such as headache, fever and chills prevented further use of these contrast agents [13-15], although their extent could be decreased by hydrocortisone given prior to contrast injection. 

In healthy male volunteers a dose-escalating study with iodine doses of 1-2 mL kg was performed. Liver enhancement, as measured by CT, reached values of 15-30 HU in a dose-dependent manner. The most common side-effects were headache, rhinitis, sore throat and bitter taste, which occurred at late time points (6 hours) after administration. 

Iodine vapors are an irritant to eyes, nose and mucous membranes. Inhalation can cause headache, irritation, and congestion of lungs. Oral intake can produce burning of the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Skin contact can cause rashes. 

Adverse reactions are related to the iodine content of the drug the toxicity is often expressed as skin reactions, thyroid enlargement, and interference with thyroid function studies. Headache and diarrhea also occur. Chronic use of clioquinol, a closely related agent, has been linked to a myelitislike illness and to optic atrophy with permanent loss of vision. 

Adverse effects include nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, headache and goitre (so contraindicated in patients with intolerance to iodine). Prolonged use of iodochlorohydroxyquin causes subacute myelooptic neuropathy (SMON). They are indicated in giardiasis, trichomonas vaginitis, intestinal amoebiasis and amoebic colitis. 

Thyrotropin stimulates iodine uptake, and this facilitates the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent disease or metastases in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. It is used as an alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal, to avoid symptomatic hypothyroidism (1). Headache and nausea occur in 6-40% of patients after intramuscular administration, but are usually mild and transient (2,3). 

SAFETY PROFILE Similar in toxicity to bromides. Prolonged absorption of iodides may produce iodism, which is manifested by skin rash, mnning nose, headache, and irritation of mucous membranes. In severe cases, the skin may show pimples, boils, redness, black-and-blue spots, hives, and blisters. Weakness, anemia, loss of weight, and general depression may occur. Generally very soluble in water and easily absorbed into the body. The iodides of copper(I), lead(II), silver(I), and mercury(II) are poorly soluble in water. When heated to decomposition they can emit highly toxic fumes of r and iodine compounds. See also IODINE. 

Tolerance of non-ionic contrast media in myelography has been well documented (SEDA-22, 500). A report from India has documented the safety and diagnostic efficacy of the non-ionic monomer iohexol 7-10 ml (iodine 300 mg/ml) injected into the subarachnoid space in 25 patients (302). Only three patients developed minor adverse effects—headache and paresthesia in the legs. 

Iodine will not affect a tension headache. Caffeine intake may prevent a headache for some clients. 

The vapors are an irritant to the eyes, nose, skin, and mncons membranes. The toxic rontes of exposnre are inhalation of vapors, and ingestion and absorption throngh skin. Inhalation of its vapors may prodnce irritation, headache, tightness of the chest and congestion of the Inngs. A concentration of 1 ppm of iodine vapor in air is highly irritating to hnmans. 

Iodine Forms, greyish black plates or granules, mp 113.5°C. Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and carbon disulphide. Causes dizziness, headache, cough, breathing difficulty, and pulmonary oedema. To be handled in a fuming cupboard. 

TLV is maximum and must not be exceeded. Lung edema symptoms usually develop sevml hours later and are aggravated by physical exertion rest and hospitalization essential. As first aid, a doctor or authorized person should consider administemg a corticosteroid spray. Can cause iodism in sensitive subjects, with symptoms of mucous membrane irritation, cough, bronchitis, asthma, headache, cold sores. Subjects with hypersensitivity to iodine should avoid all contact with substance, since reactions can be violent or fetal. ... 

Iodine works as a general disinfectant and can be used with alcohol for use as a skin antiseptic or with other substances for general disinfecting purposes. Exposure can include irritation of the eyes and mucous manbranes, headaches, and breathing difficulties. Crystalline iodine or strong solutions of iodine may cause severe skin irritation because it is not easily removed and may cause burns. The OSHA PEL sets a ceiling for iodine 0.1 ppm according to 29 CFR 1901.1000 Table Z-1. 

Properties Wh. cryst. solid sweet pungent odor colorless liq. when melted nil sol. in water m.w. 214 sp.gr. 0.815 (22 C) vise. 15 cSt (38 C) vapor pressure 0.0015 mm Hg (38 C) m.p. 38 C b.p. 297-301 C iodine no. 0.03 sapon. no. 0.07 hyd. no. 258 flash pt. (PMCC) 143 C autoignition temp. 254 C 96-98.4% act. Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 20 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) 8 g/kg mod. contact irritant may cause eye irritation, corneal inflamm. repeated/prolonged skin contact may cause redness, irritation, dermatitis in high cones., inh. of vapor may cause eye/ nose/throat irritation, headache, dizziness ing. may cause discomfort, nausea, vomiting TSCA iisted... 

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