Investment capabilities

From 1940 until 1991 the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were constituent republics of the Soviet Union. As such, and in contrast to the Romanian experience, they fell completely under the centralized industrial policy of the communist government in Moscow. These command-and-control policies favored large-scale industrial investments capable of serving the needs of the Soviet Union as a whole, with little sympathy for... 

Discussions on the optimization of our activities have also occupied part of our time. How can we effectively contribute to the international efforts in the fast reactor field, given the fact that brain power and investments for small installations and experiments are the only assets easily available at the present Is it enough to be involved vrith research activities which are compatible with our investment capability, for reporting them in the IWGFR annual meetings Or should we take part in tasks which are either part of an international fast reactor project or of a broader international cooperation ... 

Many developing countries have limited investment capability, especially as comes to funds in hard currency. In this context, SMRs may become the only affordable nuclear power option for such countries ... 

Finance capability in financial institutions refers to their ability to source projects to invest in (investment capability) analyse the risks structure the finance instrument, price the debt instrument and loan duration followed by monitoring and control and eventually repayment of the debt by the borrower. Various players within the financial institution interact in the process of financing a project. The internal staff identify and analyse risks that include but are not limited to business, industry, management, country, political and foreign currency risks. The risk management process is closely tied to loan structuring, documentation, disbursement and monitoring and control procedures. 

Deal Prospecting Based on local knowledge and economic set-up, the market development and sales team prospect for lending candidates that fall within credit policy and underwriting standards. They use networked capabilities for introductions and access to potential borrowers. The bank uses linkage capabilities and investment capabilities in accessing borrowers and internal project finance appraisal systems. 

Approval Process Internal credit processes are followed to independently assess the project documents produced within the institution. The approvers use their knowledge and networks to make informed decisions in the approval process. Investment capability and linkage capabilities are used to assess the project for funding. 

In 1986 when the oil price crashed to 10 a barrel, operators began to look very hard at the requirements for offshore developments and novel slimline, reduced facilities platforms began to be considered. The reduced capital outlay and early production start up capability, coupled with the added flexibility, ensured that all companies now consider subsea systems as an important field development technique. Although the interest and investment in subsea systems increased dramatically, subsea systems still had to compete with the new generation of platforms, which were becoming lighter and cheaper. 

Dental investments are comprised of refractory materials capable of withstanding elevated temperatures. They are used as casting investments and model investments. The compressive strengths, according to International Standards, of the investments and die materials are shown in Table 3. 

Supplementary fuel firing in boilers Energy in the form of steam Shredding, air separation, magnetic separation If least capital investment desired, existing boiler required to he capable of modification air-quality regulations possibly prohibiting use... 

Normal reheat treatment can partially restore blade properties however, it does not appear to be capable of full property recovery, although the miscrostructures are comparable to new blades. This shortcoming implies that cavitation may be present and was not removed by conventional reheat treatment. Hot isostatic press (HIP) processing is an alternative that ensures void removal. It has demonstrated its ability to remove even gross internal shrinkage porosity in investment castings. The results of HIP treatment... 

Gas versus steam turbines can involve a major side study. The result can be different for the process and utility sides of the plant as shown in Reference 13. For the gas turbine case, simple cycle versus waste heat boilers can be studied. Usually, waste heat boilers will win out unless the plant is in a cheap gas country. If gas turbines are selected for power generation, black start capability is usually a good investment. 

Volumetric Flow Rate The equipment size is normally dictated by its capacity and is therefore directly related to investment costs. Incineration systems are capable of handling large amounts of waste gases and are often the most cost-effective method when handling large flows. Adsorption systems can handle large volumes of gases, provided that the gas stream is fairly dilute. Absorption will... 

A vibration-based predictive maintenance program is the most difficult to properly establish and will require much more effort than any of the other techniques. It will also provide the most return on investment. Too many of the vibration-based programs fail to use the full capability of the predictive maintenance tool. They ignore the automatic diagnostic power that is built into most of the microprocessor-based systems and rely instead on manual interpretation of all acquired data. 

At present, most high-voltage sources for ordinary spectrographs are designed for a 60-kv maximum, which is too low to excite the K lines of the heavier elements. Sources capable of exciting the K lines of even the heaviest elements can be built, but until recently, only at a considerable increase in cost. For the ordinary laboratory, it has been more economical to use the L lines of the heavier elements, which can be excited below 60 kv, than to invest in a 100-kv source. 

The commercial design in JAEA aims at developing a family of plant options capable of producing competitive electricity, hydrogen, or a variable mix of both, and yet deployable in the near- to mid-term. To develop the multiple systems simultaneously does not necessarily suggest to have investment and risk multiplied. Rather, development has been minimized thanks to the three tiers of a SECO design philosophy simplicity, economical competitiveness, and originality. 

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