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Invertebrate animal products

Many invertebrate animals are true facultative anaerobes, able to survive for long periods, sometimes indefinitely, without oxygen.145-147 Among these are Ascaris (Fig. 1-14), oysters, and other molluscs. Succinate and alanine are among the main end products of anaerobic metabolism. The former may arise by a mixed acid fermentation that also produces pyruvate. [Pg.970]

A number of different water quality parameters such as concentration (and type) of DOC, pH, salinity and sub-optimal or insuflficient concentrations of specific ions or minerals could affect the biotic responses to UVR. The presence of DOC is in most cases the main determinant of UV attenuation and effects on freshwater metazoans (see Chapter 3), and yet increased DOC also yields increased production of ambient free radicals and oxidants the net effect on the biota is in general positive. The role of inorganic parameters is less well known. Under laboratory conditions, swollen body tissue may be observed in UV treated freshwater invertebrates animals, which could indicate osmotic disorder [15]. This could indicate that ionic content or salinity per se could be one determinant to UV tolerance, but Hessen [15] found no effect of salinity in the range from 250 to 1000 pScm in D. pulex exposed to artificial UVR (peak wavelength 312 nm). [Pg.418]

According to earlier reports 184), reproduction in invertebrate animals was affected by nickel concentrations significantly lower than those required to reduce egg production or survival of developmental stages of fish. This conclusion was based largely on results obtained for Daphnia 12) and the fathead minnow (756). As noted previously, Pickering gave an MATC between 380 and 730 fig Ni/liter for the fathead minnow exposed in hard water, and he estimated the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration in soft water to be 68-132 )ug/liter. By comparison, Biesinger and Christensen (72) observed 50 and 16% reproductive impairment in Daphnia at nickel concentrations of 95 and 30 tg/liter. [Pg.85]

Alkaloids were considered for a long time as specialized products solely of plant metabolism. Yet in recent times alkaloids have been isolated from both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Some of the animal alkaloids can clearly be traced to a food plant ingested. As an example, the alkaloid castoramine, isolated from the beaver (Castor canadense), resembles the alkaloids of the water lilies, Nuphar spp., which serve as food for the beavers. Some caterpillars accumulate alkaloids from the plants on which they feed. Other alkaloids, however, such as the ones found in toads, salamanders, and some fishes, are true products of animal metabolism. [Pg.306]

On the basis of evidence presented herein, this author conservatively estimates that, in terms of total carbofuran in water, damage is possible to aquatic invertebrates at >2.5 pg/L and to teleosts at >15 pg/L. These levels could be attained during a heavy rainfall shortly after carbofuran treatment of adjacent fields. Among sensitive species of warm-blooded animals, dietary concentrations as low as 10 pg/kg ration have demonstrable effects, which were measurable only after extended periods postingestion. For comparison, this level is about 1/5 that allowed in meat by-products for... [Pg.820]

Marine animals, such as sponges and soft-bodied invertebrates, are well known to synthesize a large number of organohalogens or to harbor microbial symbionts that synthesize these compounds. Many have physiological activities that made them useful as marine natural products. Examples of these are provided in Chapter 28, namely furanone (S5), oroidin (S9), Tyrian purple (S20), spisulosine (S25), and salinosporamide A (S39). [Pg.606]

Alkaloids play a very important role in organism metabolism and functional activity. They are metabolic products in plants, animals and micro-organisms. They occur in both vertebrates and invertebrates as endogenous and exogenous compounds. Many of them have a distributing effect on the nervous systems of animals. Alkaloids are the oldest successfully used drugs throughout the historical treatment of many diseases ... [Pg.141]

Preservation of natural products from the animals is more difficult. Zoos remain living stores of animals that, like the civet cat and the amphibians, give unusual metabolites. Aquaria might serve the same scope for marine invertebrates. However, many productive species, such as the sponges and the anthozoans, do not survive long in aquaria. [Pg.304]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.104 , Pg.105 , Pg.106 , Pg.107 , Pg.108 , Pg.109 , Pg.110 , Pg.111 ]




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Animal production

Invertebrates

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