Introduction and General Discussion

Vescan L (1995) Introduction and general discussion. In Glocker DA, Shah SI (eds) Handbook of thin film process technology. Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK. B1.0 l-B1.0 12... 

Figure 4.19 is reprinted from Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol UK, Handbook of thin film process technology, L Vescan, Introduction and general discussion, in D A Glocker and S I Shah eds, 1995, Bl.0 1-12, with permission from Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol UK. 

Introduction and General Discussion-Food Industries Literature... 

The poster text is divided into the same general IMRD sections as the journal article Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Similarly, most posters include an Acknowledgments section, some have an abbreviated References section, and all have a title and author list. Most posters do not include an abstract, in part because of space limitations and in part because an abstract already appears in the conference proceedings. Like the journal article, the IMRD structure of the poster follows an hourglass shape. The top (Introduction) and bottom (Discussion) sections have a broader focus, while the middle sections (Methods and Results) have a narrower focus. Each section of the poster can be divided into individual moves or steps that guide viewers in a conventional way through the content of each section. These moves are analyzed in the next part of the chapter. 

INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL AND GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ALKALOIDS... 

Abstract In this chapter fuel cell introduction and general concepts about fuel cell are presented. Types of fuel cell and their classification are given and desired properties of the polymeric membranes for use in PEMFC are desoibed. At the end challenges facing the fuel cell industry and their future outlook are briefly discussed. 

The Lead-Off Reaction Addition of HBr to Alkenes Students usually attach great-importance to a text s lead-off reaction because it is the first reaction they see and is discussed in such detail. 1 use the addition of HBr to an alkene as the lead-off to illustrate general principles of organic chemistry for several reasons the reaction is relatively straightforward it involves a common but important functional group no prior knowledge of stereochemistry or kinetics in needed to understand it and, most important, it is a polar reaction. As such, 1 believe that electrophilic addition reactions represent a much more useful and realistic introduction to functional-group chemistry than a lead-off such as radical alkane chlorination. 

Historical Introduction and Perchlorates in General History. The early history of perchlorates and the perchlorate mdustryhas been thoroughly discussed (Refs 12 14, p 2), so it will be only briefly reviewed here. Early exptl work on chlorates and perchlorates was closely tied to the discovery and identification of Cl. Several workers, notably Priestly, Lavoisier, and Scheele reported the isolation of volat liqs and gases which probably were oxides or oxyacids of Cl, but they failed to identify and characterize the compds isolated. Scheele, for example, treated muriatic ac (HCl) with Mn dioxide and obtained a volat liq which he called muriatic ac derived of its phlogiston (Ref 14, p3). The first perchlorate definitely identified was the K salt which was prepd by Stadion in 1816 by the thermal decompn of K chlorate (Ref 2). From this he prepd a hydrate of perchloric ac by heating the K salt with sulfuric ac (Ref 3). Pure (anhyd) perchloric ac was first prepd by Roscoe in 1862 by distn of the hydrated ac (Ref 4)... 

Abstract. This section is an introduction into materials that can be used as Phase Change Materials (PCM) for heat and cold storage and their basic properties. At the beginning, the basic thermodynamics of the use of PCM and general physical and technical requirements on perspective materials are presented. Following that, the most important classes of materials that have been investigated and typical examples of materials to be used as PCM are discussed. These materials usually do not fulfill all requirements. Therefore, solution strategies and ways to improve certain material properties have been developed. The section closes with an up to date market review of commercial PCM, PCM composites and encapsulation methods. 

In this chapter, we first cite examples of catalyzed two-phase reactions. We then consider types of reactors from the point of view of modes of operation and general design considerations. Following introduction of general aspects of reactor models, we focus on the simplest of these for pseudohomogeneous and heterogeneous reactor models, and conclude with a brief discussion of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models. 

A general discussion of the second and third law methods, including their advantages and limitations relative to first law techniques, was presented in sections 2.9 and 2.10. Now, after a summary of that introduction, we examine some examples that apply the second law method to the thermochemical study of reactions in solution. Recall that the third law method is only practical for reactions in the gas phase. 

---