Intrinsic anisotropy

Here iC is the intrinsic anisotropy constant due to the crystalline anisotropy. After the demagnetization in the longest direction, k is the shape-dependent constant (for an infinite cylinder k = 1.38), M is the exchange constant, and R the particle radius. An infinite cylinder with only shape anisotropy gives... 

In Figure 13 the relation between the intrinsic coercivity and the particle diameter dis given. The figure is based on a described model (35). The maximum is found around the critical particle diameter. In general the particle diameter and size is not very well defined. For the multidomain particles (d > ) the is smaller than the intrinsic anisotropy field of the particle. Nucleation effects cause a decrease in as the increases. This behavior is... 

The most interesting situation exists when the intrinsic optical anisotropy (%— sc2) of the random link is negative, i.e. when the polarizability (a2) perpendicular to the chain direction is the larger one. In this case the form effect, which always works in the same sense, counteracts the effect caused by the (negative) intrinsic anisotropy of the random links. An important feature of the form effect is that its contribution to... 

Unfortunately, polystyrene which seems irreplaceable in the experimental program, belongs to the group of polymers with negative intrinsic anisotropy. No systematic experimental investigations on the influence of the refractive index of the solvent on the initial slope of the extinction angle curve are known, at present. 

In conformity with the significance of the terms employed by investigators of anisotropy (Tsvetkov et al. 1964), the effects associated with the first-order terms in equation (10.6) may be called the effects of intrinsic anisotropy, while the second-order effects may be referred to as the effects of mutual interaction. In the second approximation, the principal axes of the relative permittivity tensor do not coincide, generally speaking, with the principal axes of the orientation tensor. It is readily seen that interesting situations may arise when Aa < 0 in this case, the coefficients of the first- and second-order terms have different signs. 

To maintain thermal stability, hence a condition EB/kBT= In (for) needs to be fulfilled. For z = 10 years storage, 109-10u Hz [28] and ignoring dispersions, i.e. assuming monodisperse particles, this becomes Es/kBT= 40-45. Reversal for isolated, well-decoupled grains to first order can be described by coherent rotation over EB. This simple model, as first discussed by Stoner and Wohlfarth in 1948 [29], considers only intrinsic anisotropy and external field (Zeeman) energy terms. For perpendicular geometry one obtains the following expression ... 

For molecules without intrinsic anisotropy Uf = U, and (195) reduces simply to ... 

According to Eqs. (67) and (50), the experimental dependence for each polymer hasa parabolic shape. Its minimum can be used for the determination of the intrinsic anisotropy of the segment,... 

Our streak camera with a fused-silica lens was found to have less than 5% of intrinsic anisotropy for fluorescence collection, and this is taken into account when calculating r(t) by using both vertical and horizontal excitations. When such a correction is taken into account, we find that ultraviolet time-dependent anisotropy values can be measured to within 0.5% upon averaging up to 400 shots. 

Tc is only weakly dependent on p[ (4.2°K) and c2i/ c2i s - -ar8e anc temperature dependent. The anisotropy in H can b explained from a combination of the intrinsic anisotropy in the semi metallic band structure and the anisotropy in scattering time (caused by tunnelling between the fibers) leading to an anisotropy in the coherence length, %(T). On the other hand, the weak dependence of H on Pn> the angular dependence... 

The metallic state of the conducting polymers has been confirmed by optical measurements and thermoelectric power, but only above 200 C by dc conductivity because of semiconducting transport betw een the metallic regions. The intrinsic anisotropy of such a metallic conduction that could specify dimensionality of the electronic states, is rather difficult to measure by dc conductivity for the same reason. The spin dynamic techniques might be a powerful tool to characterize microscopic conduction of charge carriers with spin. Such studies were recently reported for several systems with ESR and NMR as a function of frequency. This... 

Where Aq, dp, dp and dx are the intrinsic anisotropy, the depolarization factor due to the global rotation of the protein, the depolarization factor due to the local motions of the fluorophore and the depolarization factor due to the energy transfer and Brownian motion, respectively. 

The QREA method allows determining the fraction fb and the limiting anisotropy of the non-accessible residues. Knowing the value of the anisotropy in absence of quencher, one can determine the intrinsic anisotropy of the accessible residues. 

A single-layer PPy film, capable of bending actuation due to its intrinsic anisotropy, but without delamination problems, was constructed by electrochemical synthesis on a steel... 

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