Malnutrition childhood

G5. Gomez, F., Galvan, R. R., Cravioto, J., Munoz, J., and Frenk, S., Malnutrition in infancy and childhood with special reference to kwashiorkor. Advan. Pediat. 7, 131-169 (1955). 

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was the second of six children bom into the family of an impoverished Lutheran minister in lower Saxony, near modem Hannover, Germany. Riemann suffered from childhood malnutrition and was prone to excessive timidity, sickness, and nervous breakdowns throughout his difficult life, which ended in Italy while he was attempting recuperation from chronic tuberculosis (with a wife and young child at his side) at age 39. 

Yip, R., Shart, T. (1993). Acute malnutrition and high childhood mortality related to diarrhea Lessons from the 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270 5), 587-590. 

Breast-feeding a baby for at least six months is considered the best way to prevent early-childhood malnutrition. The United States Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services recommend that all Americans over the age of two ... 

Dietary deficiency. Folate deficiency is extremely common in the setting of general malnutrition in developing countries and is a particular problem in childhood. In Western countries folate deficiency occurs in alcoholics, some slimming diets, the elderly, the infirm and psychiatric patients. 

C. parvum infections are often asymptomatic, but symptoms such as profuse watery diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting and fever are typical. The symptoms can last from several days to a few weeks in immunocompetent individuals, but in immunocompromised patients infection can become chronic, lasting months or even years. The mean infective dose for immunocompetent people is dependent on the strain of C. parvum but it is considered to be approximately 100 cells, and infants are more vulnerable to infection. Diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity as well as malnutrition in developing countries. Cryptosporidium is the third most common cause of infective diarrhoea in children in such countries, and consequently it plays a role in the incidence of childhood malnutrition. 

Globally, the incidence of childhood malnutrition is declining. De Qnis et al. 

With the exception of genetically impaired individuals with Menkes disease and Wilson s disease, individuals who suffer from various grossly inadequate diets, diarrhea and severe malnutrition, and the patients who suffer from primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholestatic syndromes of Indian childhood cirrhosis, the development of copper deficiency and toxicity is not a significant risk for man. 

What are the interactions between diet/nutrition and cognitive capacity Presumably, neuronal function is most vulnerable during brain cell division and myelin maturation, i.e., during gestation and infancy. Chronic, severe protein-calorie malnutrition at this stage is associated with mental retardation. Conclusions as to whether nutritional supplementation prevents this behavioural pathology are hampered by intervention effects not easily dissected, notably amelioration of other medical conditions and of the psychosocial milieu. Early childhood malnutrition has been extensively reviewed, and only the salient aspects will be considered in this paper. 

As a result of the reduced synthesis of proteins, there is a considerable impairment of the immune response, so that undernourished people are more at risk from infections that those who are adequately nourished. Diseases that are minor childhood illnesses in developed countries can often prove fatal to undernourished children in developing countries. Measles is commonly cited as the cause of death among children in developing countries, although it would invariably be more correct to give the true cause of death as malnutrition - infection is simply the last straw. 

Defective Candida killing in childhood malnutrition. Dis. Child. 54 445. 

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