Interphase, explanation

This definition requires some explanation. (1) By interface we denote those regions of the two adjoining phases whose properties differ significantly from those of the bulk. These interfacial regions can be quite extended, particularly in those cases where a metal or semiconducting electrode is covered by a thin film. Sometimes the term interphase is used to indicate the spatial extention. (2) It would have been more natural to restrict the definition to the interface between an electronic and an ionic conductor only, and, indeed, this is generally what we mean by the term electrochemical interface. However, the study of the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions is so similar that it is natural to include it under the scope of electrochemistry. 

The concept sounds attractive, but there is a flaw in the explanation. Assuming an equilibrium situation between the two bulk phases and the interphase, complex formation at the interfacial region requires the same complexes are formed also in the bulk phases. Consequently, in order to produce a considerable amount of the mixed species MA, xBx in the liquid-liquid boundary layer some B must be dissolved in the aqueous, as weU as some A in the organic phase. Since by definition this condition is not met, the relative amount of M present at the interphase region as MAn xBx must be negligible. However, now the metal ion will be distributed between MA in the aqueous phase and MBp in the organic layer (n and p are the... 

I saw that there is an interphase between consciousness active in the world and consciousness active in the central nervous system, whose intermediary is the body. That interphase is language. To use language, consciousness informs the brain to inform the body to impart coherency to the random motion of the air molecules near but outside the body. This coherency is supplied by consciousness in the form of a word. None of the physical laws operating on the air molecules have been violated, because the coherent pattern of behavior of the molecules is due to an input of energy—an input of energy whose release was initiated by an act of conscious will. Will is not an item in the toolkit of scientific explanation. 

One possible, although speculative explanation of the effect of the addition of sulfamic acid or sodium sulfate may be based on Eq. (4.9). According to this equation, the variation in the concentration c of a nonreacting electrolyte changes the thickness of the metal-solution interphase, the double-layer thickness It appears that as the thickness of the double layer, decreases, the coercivity of the Co(P) deposited decreases as well. 

The amount of polymer bonded in the interphase depends on the thickness of the interlayer and on the surface area, where the filler and the polymer are in contact with each other. The size of the interface is more or less proportional to the specific surface area of the filler, which is inversely proportional to particle size. In accordance with the above proposed explanation on the relation of the effect of immobilized polymer chains and the extent of deformation, modulus shows only a very weak dependence on the specific surface area of the filler [64]. 

Three primary mechanisms have been suggested for enhanced adhesion via silane coupling agents.5 The classical explanation is that the functional group on the silane molecule reacts with the adhesive resin. Another possibility is that the polysiloxane surface layer has an open porous structure. The liquid adhesive penetrates the porosity and then hardens to form an interpenetrating interphase region. The third mechanism applies only to polymeric adherends. It is possible that the solvent used to dilute and apply the silane adhesion promoter opens the molecular structure on the substrate surface, allowing the silane to penetrate and diffuse into the adherend. 

Improved interphase compatibility, owing to the greater similarity in constitution of the two phases, again seems a reasonable explanation of the effect. 

Although the correlation is quite convincing, acid/base interactions are not claimed to be the only explanation for the increased adhesion since many other mechanisms and phenomena, such as formation of an interphase, co-crosslinking, interdiffiision, mechanical anchoring and interfacial shrinkage could intervene. 

Hence, the stated above results confirmed just on qualitative level the explanation of polyurethanarylates structure and properties distinctions, proposed in chapters [5, 144]. The glass transition temperature increase for polymers, received by the interphase polycondensation, in comparison with synthesized by acceptor-catalytic polycondensation is due to different... 

In our experience, lamin antibodies do not show any observable effects when microinjected into the nucleus of interphase cells. A possible reason could be the inaccessibility of lamins to the antibodies due to the presence of condensed chromatin at the nuclear periphery. An alternative explanation is that lamin polymers are accessible to the antibodies, but that the bound antibodies do not influence interactions of lamins with other nuclear components. 

In the case of PO blends, compatibilization most frequently aims for improved ductility and/or transparency. The Z-N-LLDPE obtained using multi-sited catalyst constitutes a specific case - the homopolymer may have phase-separated morphology that requires compatibilization. It has been known that addition of 5-20 wt% LDPE needs to be used for improved performance. However, explanation for this is rather recent (Robledo et al. 2009). The relaxation spectrum of the blend may be decomposed into three components (1) Z-N-LLDPE matrix, (2) LDPE dispersed drops, and (3) a thick interphase with its own viscoelastic properties, obtained by interaction between the high-MW linear fraction of the LLDPE and the low-MW linear LDPE macromolecules. 

The concept of an interphase is well-established. Yet, it can only be defined through a collective description of many complex phenomena, and thus at the present time, no single explanation or approach exists which enables the complete understanding of the nature of any particular interphase. Therefore, it is essential to characterize e interphase using many characterization methods prior to attempting its structural control. If the interphase structure can be controlled, tailoring the mechanical... 

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