International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists

Figure 1. Potential variation through the electrical double layer for a higher concentration of potential-determining ion (a), a lower concentration of potential-determining ion (b), and in the presence of a specifically adsorbed counter ion with a potential-determining ion below the point-of-zero charge (c). Note that the potential in all three instances could be identical. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 1. Copyright 1970, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists.)...

Recently there has been progress towards a universal acceptance of collaboratively tested methods and collaborative trial results and methods, no matter by whom these trials are organised. This has been aided by the publication of the IUPAC/ISO/AOAC Harmonisation Protocol on Collaborative Studies.14 That Protocol was developed under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) aided by representatives from the major organisations interested in conducting collaborative studies. In particular, from the food sector, the AO AC International, the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), the International Dairy Federation (IDF), the Collaborative International Analytical Council for Pesticides (CIPAC), the Nordic Analytical Committee (NMKL), the Codex Committee on Methods of... 

The goal of this chapter is to understand the behavior of ionic liquids as solvents and their influence on reaction based on their chemical structure and microscopic environment. We will therefore provide only a basic overview of their macroscopic physical properties. An online database, compiled by a research team operating under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC), is now available detailing the physical properties of many known IL species [52],... 

Abbreviations used in this document are consistent with those recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) unless otherwise stated. 

In 1987, after significant effort, an international committee of cellulase researchers and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) produced a procedure seeking to standardize cellulase activity measurements. This procedure uses microcrystalline cellulose and the dinitrosalicylic (DNS) acid method of Miller186 to measure reducing... 

Porous materials have been classified by the lUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists) to be microporous if the pore size is below 2 nm, mesoporous if the pores have a diameter between 2 and 50 nm, and macro-porous if the pore diameters are above 50 nm [4]. This chapter focuses on porous materials with pores in the meso and macro-regime. 

This concept should probably be referred to as the stabilized temperature platform atomizer, in line with recent International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists nomenclature recommendations, but will... 

Many chemistry textbooks include Group 2B (12) elements Zn, Cd, and Hg as transition elements, basing the definition on position within the periodic table rather than on electron configuration. The narrower definition used in this text is the one adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (lUPAC). 

Many texts still employ the older standard pressure of 1 atm. The change to the current standard pressure of 1 bar was recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (lUPAC) in 1982. Because 1 bar only differs from 1 atm by slightly more than one percent, the values of thermodynamic quantities using the two standards will generally differ by a very small amount that is often negligible. 

According to the nomenclature suggested by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (lUPAC), porous materials are usually classified into three different categories depending on the lateral dimensions of their pores microporous (<2 nm), mesoporous (between 2 and 50 nm) and macroporous (>50 nm) [48],... 

More accurate definitions would consider lipids from a structural and biosynthetic perspective, and several classification schemes have been proposed over the years to address the issue of lipid nomenclature. In 1976, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists and the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (lUPAC—lUBMB) Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature published its recommendations, providing an ambiguous naming scheme that would suit the needs of chemists as well as biologists and biomedical researchers. A number of additional documents were subsequently released, and placed on the lUPAC website (www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/). 

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