INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY

Manufacture and Processing. PytomeUitic acid and its dianhydtide can be synthesized by oxidizing dutene [95-93-2] (1,2,4,5-tettamethylbenzene). Liquid-phase oxidation using strong oxidants such as nittic acid, chromic acid, or potassium permanganate produces the acid which can be dehydrated to the dianhydtide in a separate step. This technology is practiced by AUco Chemical Co., a part of International Specialty Chemicals. 

Manufacture. There are two main 2-pyrroHdinone producers. International Specialty Products (ISP) (GAF Corporation) has manufacturing facihties in Calvert City, Kentucky, and Texas City, Texas, and BASF manufactures it at Ludwigshafen, Germany. Both producers consume most of thek production in the manufacture of l-vinyl-2-pyrrohdinone. 

MVE/MAN Copolymers. Various mol wt grades of poIy(methyI vinyl ether-i o-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) are available from International Specialty Products, Inc. (formerly GAF Corp.), under the trade name of Gantrez. Table 6 illustrates the M. and MWD found for commercially available polymers. As can be seen, high molecular weights are readily achieved. 

International Specialty Products (ISP) suppHes ethyl, isopropyl, and -butyl half-esters of PMVEMA as 50% solutions in ethanol or 2-propanol. Typical properties are shown in Table 8. These half-esters do not dissolve in water but are soluble in dilute aqueous alkaU and in aqueous alcohoHc amine solutions. The main appHcation for the half-esters is in hairsprays where they combine excellent hair-holding properties at high humidity without making the hair stiff or harsh. These half-esters are easily removed during shampooing, have a very low order of toxicity, and form tack-free films that exhibit good gloss, luster, and sheen (see Hair preparations). 

International Specialty Products has been especially active in promoting and developing this technology. Success with the development of such coatings requites significant help with formulation details and the reader is referred to the appropriate trade Hterature for greater detail (70). 

Sodium tetrabydroborate [16940-66-2] NaBH, more commonly called sodium borobydride, is tbe most widely used commercial boron bydride. Tbe largest manufacturer is Morton International Specialty Chemicals Group, which has two plants in the United States and one in Europe (1). Oy Nokia Ab Chemicals (FN) (2) also produces commercial quantities. Smaller producers include Farbenfabrik Bayer A.G. and ChemetaH Gmbh in Germany (2). 

Sodium Borohjdride Digest, Morton International, Specialty Chemicals Group, Danvers, Mass., 1989. 

The Batch Reaction Subcommittee was chaired by Walter L. Lrank of EQE International. Current members of the subcommittee, listed alphabetically are David J. Christensen, Union Carbide Corporation Warren Greenfield, International Specialty Products Philip P. Malkewicz, Nalco Chemical Company Peter L. McGrath, Olin Corporation Louisa A. Nara, Bayer Corporation Leslie A. Seller, CCPS Staff Consultant Robert Schisla, Eastman Chemical Company Anthony Torres, Eastman Kodak Company Dr. Jan C. Windhorst, Nova Chemicals and Paul Wood, Eli Lilly Company. Eormer subcommittee members who contributed much in getting this project started were Eelix Ereiheiter, CCPS Staff Consultant (deceased) A1 Noren, Monsanto Company-Searle (deceased) John Noronha, Eastman Kodak Company (retired) and Robert Stankovich, Eli Lilly Company. 

Commercial grades of PVP, K-15, K-30, K-90, and K-120 and the quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimthylaminoethylmethacrylate (poly-VP/ DMAEMA) made by International Specialty Products (ISP) were used in this study. PEO standard calibration kits were purchased from Polymer Laboratories Ltd. (PL), American Polymer Standards Corporation (APSC), Polymer Standards Service (PSS), and Tosoh Corporation (TSK). In addition, two narrow NIST standards, 1923 and 1924, were used to evaluate commercial PEO standards. Deionized, filtered water, and high-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol purchased from Aldrich or Fischer Scientific were used in this study. Lithium nitrate (LiN03) from Aldrich was the salt added to the mobile phases to control for polyelectrolyte effects. 

The addition and monitoring of small amounts of internal specialty polishing treatment chemical formulations... 

To limit the potential for waterside problems throughout the steam-water system cycle a balance of water treatment processes is required with external items of capital equipment providing primary duty for FW pretreatment and internal specialty chemicals providing a supporting, polishing function. 

There are many types of external water treatment equipment technologies available, and a boiler plant may employ several different processes, either on a stand-alone basis or in combination. For any particular boiler plant system, however, a point is clearly reached at which further external treatment ceases to be cost-effective. At this point, the necessary supplementary or polishing treatment is provided by the use of internal specialty chemicals. 

Henschel, D.B. and A.G. Scott, The EPA Program to Demonstrate Mitigation Measures for Indoor Radon Initial Results, Proceedings of an Air Pollution Control Association International Specialty Conference, p. 110-121, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (February, 1986). 

HSB Industrial Risk Insurers ICI/National Starch Chemical Co. International Specialty Products, Inc. Kellogg Brown Root, Inc. 

Korhonen, C.J., Cortez, E.R. and Smith C.E. (1991). Cold Regions Engineering, 6th International Specialty Conference/TCCR-ASCE/, West Lebanon, NH, Feb. 26-28, 200-9. 

Source Apportionment Pace, T. G., Ed. APCA International Specialty Conference Air Pollution Control Association Pittsburgh, PA, 1986 p. 105. 

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS INC INTERPLASTIC CORPORATION INTERTAPE POLYMER GROUP IPEX INC... 

International Specialty Products. Technical literature Celex 101 microcrystalline cellulose, 1997. 

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