International network design

Chopra and Meindl (2007) published a framework (Fig. 6.2) that integrates the hitherto presented aspects of international network design into a decision-making procedure. The framework consists of four succeeding phases, of which only those phases not already elaborated above will be discussed in greater detail. 

Reasons why reverse logistics is often only partially incorporated into international network design include ... 

Thus, an R D program can be readily accelerated by tapping into your technology platform and internal network to select focused team members. Commonly, there is little or no physical movement although a program manager will have authority and accountability for the entire team. With this foundation, a well-designed team can achieve a rapid start and accelerate development. 

Considering only production network design, Schmenner (1979) builds on the focused factory concept to develop four distinct multi-plant strategies. While he does not consider an international environment, the generic strategies developed for domestic networks are also applied to international production networks (cf. Kouvelis et al. 2004, p. 127). Based on a product/market or process focus Schmenner defines four plant types ... 

Kouvelis et al. (2004) present a relatively simple multi-period MILP plant location model for global production network design with investment decisions only allowed in the first period. The production system consists of component-dedicated manufacturing sites and final assembly sites. It is limited to two production levels and one final product. The objective function maximizes the NPV of the production network. The main purpose of the model is to analyze the effects financing subsidies, tax regimes, tariff structures and local content requirements have on optimal network design. The analysis is based on theoretical considerations and a numerical example. More complex aspects of international trade such as duty drawbacks are not considered. 

The basic model presented in Chapter 3.4.2 distinguishes between internally manufactured intermediates and externally procured raw materials without considering make or buy options for intermediates. For some application cases it might however be required to include make or buy - decisions in the network design model. The decision can be made either for the entire production network or individually for each site. In order to incorporate make or buy - decisions (and possibly vendor selection), suppliers have to be modeled as an additional network node. Table 11 contains the additional indices, parameters and decision variables required to implement a make or buy formulation for intermediates. 

Jacob F (2005) Quantitative Optimierung dynamischer Produktionsnetz-werke. Dissertation, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt Jayaraman V (1998) Transportation, facility location and inventory issues in distribution network design. International Journal of Operations Production Management 18 471-494... 

DIPPR Design Institute for Physical Property Data compilation on the Scientific and Technical International Network (STN). 

To optimize the neural network design, important choices must be made for the selection of numerous parameters. Many of these are internal parameters that need to be tuned with the help of experimental results and experience with the specific application under study. The following discussion focuses on back-propagation design choices for the learning rate, momentum term, activation function, error function, initial weights, and termination condition. 

Wu, C. H., Huang, H. McLarty, J. (1999a). Gene family identification network design. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, spedal Biocomputing issue (in press). 

Technology infrastructure often determines the effectiveness of the learning experience. The effectiveness of the underlying code, the design and fundamental scalability of the database, the server configuration, and available bandwidth are all essential considerations. Because internal networks often lack the speed and reliability required for compliance education purposes, many organizations are employing Application Service Providers for secure and specialized services outside the firewall of their internal networks. 

Finally, Brush et al (1999) report survey results analyzing actual international plant location decisions among large multinational firms, while various company-specific facility network design issues and decision support systems have been discussed in the applications-oriented literature—see the Breitman and Lucas (1987) work on General Motors, Davis (1993) work on Hewlett-Packard, Amtzen et al. (1995) work on Digital Equipment Corporation, and Cowie (1999) work on RCA. 

Communications with LDPC Coded OFDM, 28th Annual International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2006. INTELEC 06. Sept. 2006 pp 1 - 7 [9] H. Hrasnica, A Haidine, and R. Lehnert, Broadband Powerline Communications Network Design Wiley Sons, 2004, pp. 52-55... 

Rienkhemaniyom, K. and A.R. Ravindran. (2014). Global supply chain network design incorporating disruption risk. International Journal of Business Analytics, 1 (3), 39-64. 

Wang, X., X. Sun, and F. Yang. (2005). A two-level distribution network design based on inventory optimization. Proceedings of the International Conference on Services Systems and Services Management, 1(1), 291-296. 

De Rosa, V., Gebhard, M., Hartmann, E., and Wollenweber, J. Robust sustainable bi-directional logistics network design under uncertainty. International Journal of Production Economics 145, no. 1 (2013) 184-198. 

Hasani, A., Zegordi, S. H., and Nikbakhsha, E. Robust closed-loop supply chain network design for perishable goods in agile manufacturing under uncertainty. International Journal cf Production Research 50, no. 16 (2012) 4649-4669. 

Key issue factoring in the return flow of goods when designing international networks... 

Macroeconomic factors include taxes, tariffs, exchange rates, and shipping costs that are not internal to an individnal firm. As global trade has increased, macroeconomic factors have had a significant influence on the success or failure of supply chain networks. Thus, it is imperative that firms take these factors into account when making network design decisions. 

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