International Criminal

Bombing of U.S. Embassies in Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam — On August 7, 1998, 224 innocent civilians were killed and over 5000 were wounded by terrorist bombs exploded at the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The terrorists responsible are believed to be part of an international criminal conspiracy headed by Osama bin Laden. 

Kopel, David B. Gun Control in Great Britain Saving Lives or Constricting Liberty Chicago Office of International Criminal Justice, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1992. Analysis of British gun control laws and their effectiveness. 

Lee, R. S. 2001. The International Criminal Court. Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence. New York Transnational Publishers. 

In the major international criminal trials in which I participated, there was never as much tension as in the Auschwitz Trial - not even at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, 204... 

Bulletins, No. 63 (March 2004), pp. 1-7, citing M. C. Bassiouni, The Sources and Theory of International Criminal Law A Theoretical Framework (New York Transatlantic Publishers, 1999), p. 42. 

Hill, H. The ganjaproblem in Singapore. International Criminal Police Review, 1968, 23, 209-213. 

H.E. Judge Christopher Greenwood, International Court of Justice Prof. em. Frits Kalshoven, University of Leiden H.E. Judge Theodor Meron, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia H.E. Judge Fausto Pocar, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Prof. Michael N. Schmitt, United States Naval War College... 

Keywords Chemical weapons Chemical warfare Disarmament International criminal law Means and methods of warfare Geneva protocol 1925 Hague regulations 1899/1907 Chemical weapons convention 1993 Rome statute 1998 Kampala amendments 2010... 

While the Chamber s conclnsions on the general prohibition of chemical warfare in non-intemational armed conflict are convincing and in line with the ICRC s cnstomary international law stndy, the Chamber fails to present equally convincing argnments on the inclnsion of snch a prohibition in international criminal law. ... 

Broomhall B (2010) NuUum crimen sine lege— article 22. In Trilifterer O (ed) Commentary on the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court, 2nd edn. Beck, Munich, p 713 Castren E (1954) The present law of war and neutrality. Suomedtiisen Kiijtillisuuden Seuran Kirjapainon Oy, Helsinki... 

Price R (1995) A genealogy of the chemical weapons taboo. Int Org 49(1) 73 Robinson JP, Leitenberg M (1971) The rise of CB weapons. Almquest Wiksell, Stockholm Schabas WA (2010) The International Criminal Court. Oxford University Press, Oxford Schabas WA (2013) Chemical weapons is it a crime http //humanrightsdoctorate.blogspot. 

Zimmermann A, ener M (2014) Chemical weapons and the International Criminal Court. Am... 

Furthermore, extermination is an act that constitutes a crime against humanity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. According to the Statute, extermination includes the intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population. Therefore, as long as the other requirements are met, the obstruction of humanitarian assistance could amount to a crime against humanity. 

Article 8(2)(b)(xxv), Rome Statute of the International Crimined Court. 

Usmani M (2007) Restrictions on humanitarian aid in Darfur The role of the International Criminal Court. Georgia J Int Comp Law 36 257-289... 

Such enforcement would then occnr through third parties obtaining access should the affected authorities be unwilhng or unable to provide assistance themselves, as discussed in the following Section. Enforcement ex post facto through, for example, adjudication by human rights bodies, the International Court of Justice or International Criminal Conrt remains an option, but falls outside the scope of this Chapter. 

The discussion in this section is not exhaustive. One may also mention international criminal law and the emerging jus post beUum. 

Article 8 confers jurisdiction on the International Criminal Court for War Crimes . This includes under Article 8(2)(b)(ix) (international armed conflicts) and under Article 8(2)(e)(iv) (non-intemational armed conflicts) intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to rehgion, education, arts, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected provided they are militeuy objectives . 

The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court opens up new possibilities to bring offenders to justice. There can surely be little doubt that the wanton destruction of cultural property that we have wimessed recently constitutes a war crime within the meaning of Article 8 of the Rome Statute. Although neither Syria nor Iraq is party to the Rome Statute, the Court is able to exercise jurisdiction if the case is referred to the Prosecutor by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. In addition, a State Party to the Statute can refer a case to the Prosecutor where the alleged crime has been committed by a national of a State Party. ... 

Keywords International humanitarian law International criminal law Armed conflict Chemical weapons War crimes Torture Sexual violence... 

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