Interleukin coagulation

Cytokines, eg, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and certain growth factors, could have antitumor activity directiy, or may modulate cellular mechanisms of antitumor activity (2). Cytokines may be used to influence the proliferation and differentiation of T-ceUs, B-ceUs, macrophage—monocyte, myeloid, or other hematopoietic cells. Alternatively, the induction of interferon release may represent an important approach for synthetic—medicinal chemistry, to search for effective antiinflammatory and antifibrotic agents. Inducers of interferon release may also be useful for lepromatous leprosy and chronic granulomatous disease. The potential cytokine and cytokine-related therapeutic approaches to treatment of disease are summarized in Table 4. A combination of cytokines is a feasible modaUty for treatment of immunologically related diseases however, there are dangers inherent in such an approach, as shown by the induction of lethal disserninated intravascular coagulation in mice adrninistered TNF-a and IFN-y. 

Fleischmann JD, Shingleton WB, Gallagher C, Ratnoff OD, Chahine A. Fibrinolysis, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation abnormahties comphcating high-dose interleukin-2 immunotherapy. J Lab Chn Med 1991 117(l) 76-82. 

Baars JW, de Boer JP, Wagstaff J, Roem D, Eerenberg-Belmer AJ, Nauta J, Pinedo HM, Hack CE. Interleukin-2 induces activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis resemblance to the changes seen during experimental endo-toxaemia. Br J Haematol 1992 82(2) 295-301. 

Whereas clinically insignificant coagulation abnormalities have been documented in patients receiving high-dose continuous interferon alfa (35), isolated cases of venous thrombosis have been observed (SEDA-20, 329) (36). Interferon alfa can also induce the production of antiphospholipid antibodies (SEDA-20, 329) (SEDA-21, 371). In one study, antiphospholipid antibodies were found in five of 12 patients with melanoma treated with interferon alfa alone or with interferon alfa plus interleukin-2 deep venous thrombosis occurred in four patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (37). Although the underlying neoplasia undoubtedly played a role in the further development of venous thrombosis, the causative role of interferon alfa was suggested by the absence of... 

Isolated coagulation abnormalities with minor prolongation of prothrombin time were consistently observed, in patients given interleukin-4, particularly those with preexisting liver disease (2). 

To date, only proteins have been developed through genetically modified plant, including mammalian antibodies, blood components, coagulation factors, vaccines (edible vaccines), hormones (insulin, somatotropin, and erythropoietin), various interferons, and other therapeutics agents such as enzymes and interleukins [13]. 

Human interferon-o2a, interleukin-2 receptor, human IgG, human serum albumin, dehydrogenases glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, foanate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, S-oxynitrilase, bovine liver catalase, recombinant protein G, plasmid DMA, human blood coagulation factor VIII, enantiomers of kynurenine, tryptophan, beta-blockers, practolol, thic ntal... 

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