Interface modules

AEBIL interface module (communication between the front-end and the PC) ... 

Fig. 15. Schematic energy diagram of the n-type semiconductor electronic bands at the solid/liquid interface modulated by discontinuous metal coating ...

The communication between off-line coupled meteorological and AQ models is often a problem of underestimated importance. The variety of modelling systems previously introduced give rise to different approaches and methods implemented within interface modules. Tasks covered by interfaces are minimized in coupled systems relying on surface fluxes, turbulence and dispersion parameters (i.e. eddy... 

Nonetheless, interface modules are often used to solve other system realization issues, e.g. ... 

To solve the above mentioned problems various tasks are often included within interface modules, as well as data interpolation, meteorological fields downscaling, boundary layer parametrizations and estimation of dispersion coefficients, evaluation of meteorological driven emissions (e.g. biogenic, wind blown dust, sea salt), enhancement of physiographic data. 

Use or customization of US Community modelling systems, e.g. MM5/WRF -l-CMAQ with MCIP interface module... 

The first strategy implies the direct use of physical parameters estimated by MetMs, like e.g. Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) parameters, and limitation of the interface module tasks to the evaluation of missing variables. This approach... 

The ACTMs results depend on the initial conditions and inflow of background concentrations into the computational domain. For meso and local scale AQ simulations, these conditions are usually defined from larger scale forecast results by an interface module that has to match grid and resolution differences and possibly the different chemical reactions schemes employed in the models considered. 

Interface Module and Model Nesting Effects on Air Quality Simulation... 

A test case to evaluate possible effects of different interfacing approaches has been run over the Torino area. The simulations covered a summer fair weather period, when thimderstorm activity occurred over the western Alps. The AQ model has been driven by two different set of turbulent surface fluxes and scaling parameter. The first set has been estimated using the surface fluxes produced by the MetM RAMS the second - by the SURFPRO interface module employing the van Ulden and Holtslag (1985) formulation for surface fluxes and MOST. 

During adverse meteorological events the use of an interface module to model dispersion parameters can have the advantage to reduce forecast error effects on predicted concentrations. Anyway, further analysis showed that the discussed results are strongly dependent on the radiation scheme used by RAMS model. 

The need for unification of interface modules at least concerning high modularity and I/O format specifications, but possibly also parametrizations and for according guidelines was also apparent. Lessons should be learned from ECMWE practice to develop European guidelines. 

Integrator (Analog Interface Module 406 and System Gold, Beckman Instruments, San Ramon, CA, USA)... 

RODBC database interface module. 2008. http //cran.r-project.org/web/ packages/RODBC/index.html (accessed April 18,2008). 

The system consists of three major modules the Control Module, the Knowledge Base Module, and the User Interface Module. Figure 1 shows a schematic of this architecture. Arrows between modules represent the flow of information. The flow of the session and dialogue with the user are controlled by the Control Module. The Knowledge Base Module provides all the necessary information for making test plans analysis items, sample types and purposes of analysis, analysis tasks and customers. All input and output, in various forms including menus, tables and graphics, are processed by the User Interface Module. 

LIF detection is the most sensitive optical method so far, but is hard to miniaturize in order to satisfy the ultimate goal of a microfluidic chip that assembles all analytical processes within one micrometerscale microstructure. Therefore, how to achieve the miniaturization of fluorescence detection on microdevices is becoming an active field for lab-on-a-chip research. Several examples demonstrate recent advances in miniaturized LIF detection on the microchip. In 2005, Renzi et al. designed a hand-held microchip-based analytical instrument that combines fluidic, optics, electrical power, and interface modules and integrates the functions of fluidics, microseparation, lasers, power supplies etc., into an... 

Figure 18-12. Optical components of the patient interface module. From [63].

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