Interdisciplinary work

The principal obstacles facing us as scientists studying Earth system science are the finite resources of most educational institutions. Development of this subject requires that we think of novel ways to do interdisciplinary work in a setting dominated by traditional disciplines. Although we can draw heavily on work being done in recently formed disciplines such as chemical oceanography, stable isotope geo-... 

Interdisciplinary working groups of expert scientists review the published studies and evaluate the weight of the evidence that an agent can increase the risk of cancer. The principles, procedures, and scientific criteria that guide the evaluations are described in the preamble to the lARC monographs. 

The modules encourage students to realize that chemistry and chemical concepts are not limited to classroom learning by participating in a CASPiE module, students begin to recognize the chemistry in other disciplines and the world around them. Many module authors have been recruited from outside traditional chemistry departments. One module author highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary work ... 

This interdisciplinary work would not have seen frnition with-ont the tireless, dedicated, and selfless support of one very important person, Robin Taylor. Robin is a driver of details. Her undaunted enthnsiasm, drive for excellence and tirelessness inspires all of those who engage and know her. The links between editors, authors, administrators, and pnblishers have flown seamlessly under her watchfnl eye. As a managing editor, her skills remain without parallel. 

Andrea Macaluso and all staff at Springer USA who are inspired leaders in publishing and medical biocommunication. Their leadership directed the need for such a comprehensive and interdisciplinary work bnt made themselves always available at even a moment s notice. We are proud to have linked with such talented individuals and ones so dedicated to the pnrsuit of excellence in all they do. 

The result of this exemplary partial process is the C3 model for the delegation of the computational process anlysis to an externel partner in the scenario. Complementary to these interdisciplinary work processes also collaboration aspects within the plastics engineering domain were examined. Therefore the tasks of process analysis by integrated ID and 3D simulation as well as the interactive exploration of huge simulation result data in a virtual 3D space were improved by innovative tools and methods driven by real world scenarios. 

For the future, several activities are planned to continue the successful interdisciplinary work between engineering and informatics. For example, the MErKoFer project results will be further developed and commercialized, and the CRC scenarios extended to other applications or domains. Thereby, the created data models, tools and methods are to be enhanced and augmented further. As most of today s and tomorrow s innovations will be based on the optimization of current technology through software and computer science, the subproject A3 shows a broad potential to exploit prospective synergies. 

In conclusion, the chemical industry is going to be even more dramatically transformed in the future, and key advances will be made at the interface of chemistry and biology. Discovery and development of new environmentally beneficial catalyst and process technologies will be critical for the chemical industry to thrive in the United States. The new technologies will need to be relevant and have a positive impact on the earnings and competitiveness of the chemical industry. Advances in catalysis will be a key driver in the development of cleaner and more efficient chemical processes. Finally, breakthrough discoveries are likely to be the products of interdisciplinary work teams. 

This next phase of research on chemical communication probably will also see more interdisciplinary work. Future interactions should involve behavioral... 

The approach adopted to obtain an exploitable pure plant constituent involves interdisciplinary work in botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, chemistry, toxicology. The plant material is extracted by solvents of increasing polarity, the extracts are screened with different bioassays and submitted to fractionation with chromatographic techniques. This process is repeated until the isolation of a pure active constituent which is finally identified by spectroscopic methods (bioactivity-guided isolation)(Fig. 1). 

Another opportunity for interdisciplinary work arises when there is pressure to shorten product development times. By involving the assembly system planner in the construction process, it is possible to begin much earlier with the assembly system design. Some of the development and planning work may then be executed parallel to one another. The development and realization times are shortened and the costs for the whole project are usually reduced. Additionally, the products can be brought onto the market much earlier due to the shorter development times. 

Networks are used to exchange data between different virtual environments. They lay the foundations for distributed VE systems. Distributed VE systems make it possible to connect people located in different places to let them take part in a joint communication and design process. With the appropriate tools, such systems can be powerful platforms for interdisciplinary work, independent of location. This is known as computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). 

Faculty could serve as role models by doing interdisciplinary work... 

Nuclear applications of carbon nanocapsules with radioactive materials inside are in the very early steps of investigation. Because of time-consumming experiments, post-irradiation analysis, protocols, complex interdisciplinary work, and the usual requirement of big facilities to be employed, make advances very punctual. Feasibility studies are usually done to a deeper stage than in other areas of activity to balance research investment. Surely, results wiU be as promising as in other disciplines of nanotechnology. 

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