Intercalated nanocomposite

Rheology of various polymer layered-silicate nanocomposites - intercalated, exfoliated and end-tethered exfoliated (prepared by in-situ polymerization from reactive groups tethered to the silicate surface), have been performed in a conventional melt-state rheometer in both oscillatory and steady shear modes. These experimental studies have provided insight into the relaxation of polymer chains when confined by the layers of inorganic silicates, as well as the role of shear in orienting the layered nanocomposites. 

M. G. Kanatzidis, C-G. Wu, H. O. Marcy, D. C. DeGroot, and C. R. Kannewurf, Conductive polymer/oxide bronze nanocomposites. Intercalated polythiophene in V2O5 xerogels, Chem. Mater., 2, 222-224 (1990). 

Keywords-. Li-ion battery, conducting polymers, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, LiFePO, MnO, V Oj, Si, SnO, Fe O, nanocomposites, intercalation, electrolyte, electrode, cathode, anode, energy density, power density, rate capability, voltage, current density, charge/discharge capacity, Nyquist plots, efficiency, cyclability... 

Sibold, N., Dufour, C., Gourbilleau, R, Metzner, M. N., Lagreve, C., Le Puart, L., Madec, P. J., and Pham, T. N. 2007. Montmorillonite for clay-polymer nanocomposites Intercalation of tailored compounds based on succinic anhydride, acid and acid salt derivatives A review. Applied Clay Science 38 130-138. 

There are two major steps involved in clay particle dispersion in polymers to prepare nanocomposites intercalation and exfoliation, the latter sometimes... 

These materials, unlike the other nanophase materials described in this chapter, are nano-sized in only one dimension and thereby act as nanoplatelets that sandwich polymer chains in composites. Mont-morillonite (MMT) is a well-characterized layered silicate that can be made hydrophobic through either ionic exchange or modification with organic surfactant molecules to aid in dispersion [5,23]. Polymer-layered silicates may be synthesized by exfoliation adsorption, in situ intercalative polymerization, and melt intercalation to yield three general types of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Intercalated structures are characterized as alternating polymer and siHcate layers in an ordered pattern with a periodic space between layers of a few nanometers [13], ExfoHated or delaminated structure occurs when silicate layers are uniformly distributed throughout the polymer matrix. In some cases, the polymer does not intercalate... 

Kanatzidis, M.G. Wu, C.-G. Marcy, H.O. DeGroot, D.C. Kannewurf, C.R. Conductive polymCT-oxide bronze nanocomposites intercalated polythiophene in V2O5 xerogels. CherrL Mater. 1990, 2, 222-224. Intercalation of polyfethylene oxide) in vanadium pentoxide xerogel. Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 992-994. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of polyfethylene oxide)/V205 intercalative nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 525-535. 

Keywords layered fillers, layered silicates, montmorillonite, elastomers, nanocomposites, intercalation, exfoliation, ionic liquids. 

Nanometer-scale composites prepared from layered inorganic materials, especially clay, and polymers have also attracted much attention because of their unique optical, thermal, mechanical, gas barrier, and electrical properties. There are many reports describing polymer-clay nanocomposites. " The clay can be, for example, a sihca or silicate. In such a hybrid composite, weak dipolar and van der Waals forces provide the driving force for interactions between the layers, and they result in galleries being formed. There are three types of clay-polymer composites conventional, intercalated, and exfohated. Three mediods are widely used for the preparation of polymer-clay hybrid nanocomposites intercalation by in situ polymerization, direct intercalation, and polymer melt intercalation. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the in situ polymerization works only in tiie... 

In general, according to the different dispersion states of the LDH layers in the polymer matrix, two main types of polymer-LDH nanocomposites, intercalated and/or exfoliated nanocomposites, can be obtained. In an intercalated nanocomposite, the dispersion of the LDH in the polymer matrices is similar to those in traditional microcomposites however, the interlayer of LDH particles is intercalated by a few molecular layers of polymer. In an exfoKated nanocomposite, the LDH particles are completely exfoliated and the individual LDH layers are uniformly dispersed in a continuous polymer matrix. Usually, the exfoliated nanocomposites attract more attention because they have nanoscale dispersion of high aspect ratio LDH layers in polymer nanocomposites and thus can give some improved properties compared with microdispersed and conventional composites. 

Intercalated nanocomposite, intercalated nanocomposites are formed by the insertion of a rubber chains between the unaltered silicate layers, maintaining their regular alternation of galleries and laminas. 

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