Integrity issues

This section discusses inspection and maintenance practices and procedures that affect the mechanical integrity of flame arrester installations. 

It is critical to the integrity of flame arresters that they he inspected and serviced on a regnlarly schednled basis (preventive maintenance program) so that they continne to he effective. 

Some flame arrester designs allow in-place inspection (via a removable honsing cover plate) however, others have to be removed from the vent nozzle or in-line piping to inspect the flame arrester element. 

There are some mechanical factors that sometimes hamper inspection. A flame arrester may be in a location that is not readily accessible or does not provide snfficient working space or mechanical aids. This is why, as was mentioned in Chapter 6, proper location and installation is very important. If removal of the flame arrester is reqnired for inspection, then pnrg-ing may be reqnired before removal. This may be difficnlt to do easily becanse of the flame arrester constmction or location. Also, some flame arresters may be constmcted so that removal of the arrester element for inspection is not possible (i.e., the element is welded to the honsing). Another problem is that the flame arrester is in a pipeline or directly attached to a vessel that is in constant nse. In some cases, this might even be a problem dnring a period of a tnrnaronnd. In this sitnation it may be necessary to install two flame arresters in parallel with adeqnate valving to switch from one to the other and to provide for pnrging. 

Before performing any inspection or maintenance on a flame arrester, the associated process eqnipment and piping shonld be taken ont of service or isolated. The work area mnst be proven by test to be free of any harmfnl gases or vapors. It shonld also be verified that all piping is clean and free of obstrnctions and debris. All plant, company, local, state, and federal safety and fire codes and standards shonld be followed. 

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Figure 30-lA presents the integrated environmental control potential for maximum control of particulate matter and SO2. Cooling tower water blowdown and treatment by-products may be used to satisfy scrubber makeup requirements. Fly ash and scrubber sludge will be produced separately. If the catalytic NO, process is required, the integration issues will be increased significantly. 

What will the package integrity issues be Can the mechanical, climatic, biological, and chemical hazards be addressed adequately by the packaging system ... 

For SNP relevant resources, however, integration issues arise due to different time profiles used by SNP, which is based on a periodic time profile with, in the scenario at hand, monthly time buckets, and PP/DS, which utilizes a continuous time representation of the planning horizon. This means that the time-continuous resource capacity profiles used in PP/DS, which are usually synchronized with the... 

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION ISSUES... 

Agent Hydrolysis and Treatment of Metal Parts (Steps 8, 10, 13, and 16), 115 Treatment of Hydrolysates and Dunnage by Supercritical Water Oxidation (Steps 11, 12, and 14), 116 Assessment of Integration Issues, 118 Component Integration, 118 Process Operability, 119 Monitoring and Control Strategy, 119 Maintenance Issues, 119 Process Safety, 120 Worker Health and Safety, 121 Public Safety, 121... 

In the worse case, where either sample temperature, pressure or reactor integrity issues make it impossible to do otherwise, it may be necessary to consider a direct in situ fiber-optic transmission or diffuse reflectance probe. However, this should be considered the position of last resort. Probe retraction devices are expensive, and an in situ probe is both vulnerable to fouling and allows for no effective sample temperature control. Having said that, the process chemical applications that normally require this configuration often have rather simple chemometric modeling development requirements, and the configuration has been used with success. 

Inefficient operations cost businesses untold amounts in financial and human capital. A poorly designed system coupled with inefficient processes may result in rework of development and commercialization activities, data integrity issues, inefficient use of resources, and delay in approval. Poorly designed processes may also... 

Besides the main components, particular emphasis was placed on the essential subsystems/peripherals/balance-of-plant, including utility and auxiliary subsystems (instrument/operating air supplies, nitrogen supply, demineralised water/KOH systems, ventilation, etc.), process and safety control subsystems, and extensive test data acquisition subsystems. Also power conditioning (converters and inverters) as a way of improving the operability and efficiency of the overall system was considered. Some of the integration issues investigated in detail were ... 

The project concluded on the importance of placing emphasis on integration issues right from the project s start. More specifically, the main conclusions were ... 

Critical Process Integration Issues in Printed Transistor... 

At this point, it is appropriate to review the various process integration issues that must be considered during printed transistor fabrication. These issues in turn impact material selection, which is covered in a separate section. 

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