Overexpression, insulin

Petrik J, Pell JM, Arany E et al 1999 Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-II in transgenic mice is associated with pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia. Endocrinology 140 2353-2363... 

WadaT, SasaokaT, Funaki M, Hoii H, Murakami S, Ishiki M, HarutaT, Asano T, Ogawa W, Ishihara H, Kobayashi M. 2001, Overexpression of SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 2 results in negative regulation of insulin-induced metabolic actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via its 5 -phosphatase catalytic activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 1633-1646. 

Large quantities of pure insulin are required for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (see p. 160). The annual requirement for insulin is over 500 kg in a country the size of Germany. Formerly, the hormone had to be obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered animals in a complicated and expensive procedure. Human insulin, which is produced by overexpression in genetically engineered bacteria, is now mainly used (see p.262). 

Jordan SD, Kruger M, Willmes DM et al (2011) Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-143 inhibits insulin-stimulated AKT activation and impairs glucose metabolism. Nat CeU Biol 13 434-446... 

E., Rissanen, A., Kaprio, J., Hamsten, A., Yki-Jarvinen, H. (2004) Overexpression of llfi-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 in adipose tissue is associated with acquired obesity and features of insulin resistance studies in young adult monozygotic twins. / Clin Endocrinol Metab 89, 4414—4421. 

Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Nachtwey, T., Karlsen, A. E., Nerup, J. and Lenzen, S. (2000). Protection of insulin-producing RINm5F cells against cytokine-mediated toxicity through overexpression of antioxidant enzymes. Diabetes 49, 1123-1130. 

Tiedge, M., Lortz, S., Munday, R. and Lenzen., S (1999). Protection against the co-operative toxicity of nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals by overexpression of antioxidant enzymes in bioengineered insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Diabetologia 42, 849-855. 

Li Q, Li B, Wang X, et al. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice protects from myocyte death after infarction, attenuating ventricular dilation, wall stress, and cardiac hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 1997 100 1991-1999,... 

Another AT2 pathway linked to apoptosis leads to a stimulation of a soluble protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, an enzyme that associates with insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 (Cui et al. 2002). Overexpression of a dominant negative form of SHP-1 in PC12W cells has been found to attenuate AT2 receptor-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling. Since insulin activates Akt, it is interesting that the mechanism of apoptosis in the angiotensin II-treated PC12W cell involves the dephosphorylation and inactivation of Akt. In NIE-115 neuroblastoma cells,... 

Redaelli, G., Malhotra, A., Li, B., Li, P., Sonneblick, E.H., Hofmann, P.A., and Anversa, P. 1998. Effects of constitutive overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the mechanical characteristics and molecular properties of ventricular myocytes. Circ. Res. 82 594-603. 

D6. Damon, S. E., Maddison, L., Ware, J. L., and Plymate, S. R., Overexpression of an inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP), IGFBP-4, delays onset of prostate tumor formation. Endocrinology 139, 3456-3464 (1998). 

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