Insulin long-term effects

Mitrakou A, Tountas N, Raptis AE, Bauer RJ, Schulz H, Raptis SA. Long-term effectiveness of a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (BAY ml099—miglitol) in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1998 15(8) 657-60. 

Hyperinsulinemia is common in recipients of somatropin, but the long-term effects are controversial. This issue is becoming increasingly important as more adult patients are treated and the duration of therapy is extended. Growth hormone deficiency is itself associated with insulin resistance (36). Plasma concentrations of glucose and hemoglobin Aic increase, especially in the first 6-12... 

Breum L, Bjerre U, Bak JF, Jacobsen S, Astrup A (1995) Long-term effects of fluoxetine on glycemic control in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance influence on muscle glycogen synthase and insulin receptor kinase activity. Metabolism 44 1570-1576... 

In conclusion, the pulmonary delivery of insuhn offers an efficient and convenient therapy for diabetic patients. The feasibility of inhaled insuhn is based mainly on the lungs large absorption area of alveoli and their extremely thin walls full of intercellular spaces that make them more permeable than other mucosal sites to large proteins. Generally, inhaled insuhn showed a more rapid absorption than insulin administered by SC injection [59]. One major concern for pulmonary insuhn delivery is the unknown long-term effects of inhaled insuhn within the respiratory tract. Thus, possible long-term problems should be considered when insuhn is administered in this manner [66]. 

Groop, P.H., Aro, A., Stenman, S. and Groop, L. 1993. Long-term effects of guar gum in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 58 513-518. 

Murali, Y.K., P. Anand, V. Tandon, et aL 2007. Long-term effects of Terminalia chebula Retz. on hyjrerglycemia and associated hyperUpidemia, tissue glycogen content and in vitro release of insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 115(10) 641-646. 

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl I Med 1993 329 977-986. 

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