Instrumentation for fluorescence

Instrumentation for fluorescence spectroscopy has been reviewed [8]. For standards in fluorescence spectroscopy, see Miller [138]. Fluorescence detection in HPLC has recently been reviewed [137], Phosphorescence detection of polymer/additive extracts is not being practised. 

M. A. J. Rodgers and P. A. Firey, Instrumentation for fluorescence microscopy with picosecond time resolution, Photochem. Photobiol. 42,613-616 (1985). 

Instrumentation. The steady-state fluorescence spectra were measured with Perkin-Elmer MPF-44B fluorescence spectrophotometer. The single-photon counting instrument for fluorescence lifetime measurements was assembled in-house from components obtained from EG G ORTEC. A PRA-510B light pulser filled with gas was used as the excitation source. Instrument response function was obtained with DuPont Ludox scatter solution at the excitation wavelength. 

K.J. Stine and C.M. Knobler, Fluorescence Microscopy A Tool for Studying the Physical Chemistry of Interfaces, Ultramicroscopy 47 (1992) 23. (Review short introduction to fluorescence and fluorophores basic instrumentation for fluorescence microscopy and extensions to study dynamics and resonance energy transfer, confocal scanning microscopy results obtained with Langmuir monolayers.)... 

Bian, Q. Forbes, M.W. Talbot, F.O. Jockusch, R.A. An instrument for fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopy of trapped, mass-selected gas-phase ions. In preparation. 

Various kinds of surface chemistries for solubilization, functionalization, and bioconjugation of UCNPs have been reported [6]. However, routine instrumentation for this technology is not readily available. Most fluorometers still need to be adapted to NIR laser excitation, and respective microplate readers have not yet been commercialized. However, instrumentation for fluorescence microscopy of UCNPs has recently become available (www.leica.com). 

There are basically two types of spectrophotometers that differ by position of the monochromator with respect to the sample. Sample illumination is either monochromatic or polychromatic. Each has its own characteristic response to fluorescent materials. Measurement data from both types of spectrophotometers are presented here. The ideal type of instrument for fluorescent samples would use both monochromatic illumination and monochromatic detection. The design is difficult to realize in practice, especially with respect to diffuse transmittance measurements and integrating spheres. 

Figure 19. Rigid endoscopic instrument for fluorescence-guided surgery, showing the 3-chip CCD camera (Left) and the instrument in use during prostate surgery (Right)...

Palmer DW, Kaufman L, Deconinck F. 1979. Current developments in instrumentation for fluorescent scanning of the thyroid in Medical Applications of Fluorescent Excitation Analysis. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, pp. 139-148. 

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