Installation design considerations

Design considerations and costs of the catalyst, hardware, and a fume control system are direcdy proportional to the oven exhaust volume. The size of the catalyst bed often ranges from 1.0 m at 0°C and 101 kPa per 1000 m /min of exhaust, to 2 m for 1000 m /min of exhaust. Catalyst performance at a number of can plant installations has been enhanced by proper maintenance. Annual analytical measurements show reduction of solvent hydrocarbons to be in excess of 90% for 3—6 years, the equivalent of 12,000 to 30,000 operating hours. When propane was the only available fuel, the catalyst cost was recovered by fuel savings (vs thermal incineration prior to the catalyst retrofit) in two to three months. In numerous cases the fuel savings paid for the catalyst in 6 to 12 months. 

Efficiency and safety were improved by changes in design. A schematic view of a more modern Acticarbone installation is shown in Fig. 227. The time for each operation in this installation is considerably less than in earlier designs, i.e. ... 

Improved tuyere design. Considerable attention has been paid to the design of the tuyeres and to water quality. In September 1998, Avormiouth installed cast-copper tuyeres following advice from British Steel that the heat flux was too great to use steel tuyeres. The life of the copper tuyeres has since been over a year and the simpler water circuit inside the tuyeres has enabled them to cope better with variations in water quality. 

First we consider the installation and housing of electrolyzers. We address very briefly the comparative advantages of indoor and outdoor installation of electrolyzers and then turn to the characteristics of buildings and the arrangements appropriate to the various types of cell. A description of some of the design considerations of the cell line working zone, especially those related to electrical safety, follows. Building ventilation is then considered separately, with mercury-cell installations as a special case. 

C. Other Design Considerations. A rectifier installation, whether diode- or thyristor-based, comprises a number of elements in each branch of the circuit. Normal practice is to provide redundant elements in every branch, so that failure of a single element will not reduce output. Failure of a second element will begin to overload the other devices if the total output is not reduced. 

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