Insomnia: definition

The definition of desired therapeutic and side effects in the case of the benzodiazepines very much depends on the clinical problem in question. The sedative and hypnotic actions are desired effects in the treatment of insomnia, but undesired effects in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Effects that are usually undesired include daytime drowsiness, potentiation of the sedative effects of ethanol, and anterograde amnesia. They are mediated via the benzodiazepine site of GABAa receptors, since they can be antagonized with flumazenil. 

Pyribenzamine is reported to elicit side reactions in a smaller proportion of patients than does benadryl and the pattern is somewhat different.43 Gastrointestinal symptoms topped the list with 19 out of 200 patients being affected in this way. Insomnia was reported in 6 cases, and dry mouth in only 4. Drowsiness was noted for 18 cases and vertigo for 16. One case of urticaria was found definitely to be caused by the drug. 

Nierenberg AA, Amsterdam JD Resistant depression definition and treatment approaches. J Chn Psychiatry 51 (suppl) 39-47, 1990 Nierenberg AA, Adler LA, Peselow E, et al Trazodone for antidepressant-associated insomnia. Am J Psychiatry 151 1069-1072, 1994a Nierenberg AA, Feighner JP, Rudolph R, et al Venlafaxine for treatment-resistant unipolar depression. J Chn Psychopharmacol 14 419-423, 1994b... 

Studies in the elderly have been carefully reviewed by Soldatos and his colleagues [27]. Some deterioration in the soundness of sleep has been detected but the amount of rebound insomnia following zopiclone discontinuation is relatively weak. Although one would certainly expect rebound in a hypnotic with a half-life of around 5 h, the frequency and severity of such rebound seems definitely less than those observed with comparative benzodiazepines such as triazolam and temazepam [28],... 

Dier and sudden unforeseen emotional crisis invariably create such clinical situations that exceptionally demand the essential use of sedatives and hypnotics. A plethora of insomnia (sleeplessness) inadvertently caused due to short-term situational stress is usually regarded as the most suitable and ideal circmnstantial condition(s) which necessiates drug-treatment not only to facilitate but also to augment sleep. After a vigorous and intensive research the introduction of rather newer yet safer and definitely more efficacious sedative and hypnotic drug has always been greeted with great fervour and optimism. 

Observational studies Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is the only US licensed AVA vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In recent years, the safety of anthrax vaccine has been controversial, stimulating reviews of its safety and efficacy. During 1 March 1998 to 14 January 2007, about 6 milhon doses of AVA vaccine were administered. As of 16 January 2007, 4753 reports of adverse events after the use of AVA had been submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) [ll ]. The most commonly reported were myalgia, arthralgia, pain, headache, depression, asthenia , rash, anxiety and insomnia, and back pain. Reports to VAERS did not definitively link any serious unexpected risks to this vaccine, and a review of deaths... 

The symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and spasms, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Acute poisoning can lead to muscle weakness, lead line on the gums, metallic taste, definite loss of appetite, insomnia, dizziness, high lead levels in blood and urine with shock. 

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