Insect resistant treated

IRT insect resistant treated K bulk modulus of elasticity... 

Synthetic cis- 1,4-poly(isoprene) (ANSI/ ASTM, BS, lUPAC) see also CPI, PIP Insect resistant treated Insoluble sulfur (WTR)... 

The efficiency of insect resist finishes can be determined by tests that measure the weight loss of the treated fabrics and/or the weight of insect excrement after exposure to insects under controlled conditions. The direct examination of exposed fabrics by microscopic methods to observe fibre damage is also useful. The typical half round bite traces of the moth larvae are observable. Standard methods for evaluating fabrics with insect resist finishes are given in AATCC Test Method 24. Procedures for cultivating the test insects are included in this method. 

Highland, H.A., Cline, I..D. and Simonuilis, R.A. (1977k Insect-resistant food pouches made from laminates treated with svnergised pyrethrins. J. Peon. Pntomol. 70, -183—185. 

Clothes-moth [13,175,269,270] larvae attack wool with a mixture of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cystine residue disulfide cross-links and the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Wool is usually moth-proofed by treatment with insecticides that are absorbed like dyes and show similar fastness. The wool textile industry applies insect-resistant agents mainly to carpet wools, which account for about 85% of the treated wool. Insect-resistant agents are of two classes those which have been developed specifically for use on wool, and those which consist of agricultural insecticides that have been specially formulated for use with wool. The former group is usually polychlorinated aromatic compounds, and the latter group is based on synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. 

DEET-treated net jackets also provide good protection, but an additional appHcation of 10—25% solutions of repellent to the unprotected face is necessary for maximum protection. Clothing treated with permethrin [52645-53-1] (9) does not provide the protection expected against these insects. Because sandfly behavior and resistance to quick knockdown are responsible for the numbers of bites recorded, maximum protection from bites thus requires appHcation of DEET or another suitable repellent to the exposed skin when wearing permethrin-treated clothing (35). 

The recent advances in identifying and utilizing allelochemlcs Involved in host-plant resistance has drawn the attention of the pesticide Industry. A potential problem that may not be recognized, is the effect on insects if analogs of plant protective chemicals are sprayed on agricultural crops. Insects treated with such analogs, could rapidly become tolerant not only to the analog, but also to the natural allelochemlc. 

Some time after the introduction of DDT as an insecticide, it was found that some insects were becoming resistant to the chemical. This was later traced to the presence of an enzyme in the resistant insects that catalyzes the dehydrochlorination of DDT to form dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), which is not toxic to the insects. (As expected on the basis of its structure, DDT also gives this elimination reaction when treated with base.)... 

An inadequate method of treating the insects will also result in a nonlinear line. It is assumed that the applied dose will always be proportional to the dose received. If this is not the case, however, we can see that some of the insects, probably those given the higher doses, will receive proportionally less than others. This could happen in topical applications or with residual exposure methods. Therefore, caution and care are required in performing dose-response tests in resistance studies (Terriere, 1982). 

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