Initiatives work-related

Further work related to the synthesis of copolymers with either P2VP or P4VP blocks has been reported in the literature. Triblock terpolymers PS-fc-P2VP-fo-PEO were synthesized in THF at - 78 °C by sequential polymerization of styrene and 2VP, initiated by s-BuLi in the presence of IiCl [25]. The living polymer was terminated with EO. The end-hydroxyl group was... 

Two independent groups of scientists developed FIA in the middle of seventies Ruzicka and Hansen in Denmark [3] and Stewart et al. in the United States [15] and since then it has been developed rapidly. The first group developed the method using primarily instrumentation normally associated with segmented flow analyzers (SFA). In contrast, the second group based their initial work on HPLC components. These two different origins of FIA are responsible for several features of the technique related to SFA and /or HPLC that may characterize FIA as a hybrid of SFA and HPLC. 

Management systems may also be in place for initiatives not related to environment, safety and health, such as ISO certification and customer acceptance. Again, the management of chemical reactivity hazards should not be separated from these other management systems. Advantage can be taken of what approaches, such as information technologies and means of communication, have proven to work well within the specific organization. 

However, it became evident in the post-war period that, valuable as they were, these band-structure concepts could not be applied even qualitatively to key systems of industrial interest notably steels, nickel-base alloys, and other emerging materials such as titanium and uranium alloys. This led to a resurgence of interest in a more general thermodynamic approach both in Europe (Meijering 1948, Hillert 1953, Lumsden 1952, Andrews 1956, Svechnikov and Lesnik 1956, Meijering 1957) and in the USA (Kaufman and Cohen 1956, Weiss and Tauer 1956, Kaufman and Cohen 1958, Betterton 1958). Initially much of the work related only to relatively simple binary or ternary systems and calculations were performed largely by individuals, each with their own methodology, and there was no attempt to produce a co-ordinated framework. 

Some initial work on the development of an overall inherent safety index has been done at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom (26). Other, similar work has been done at VTT in Finland (27). Both indices are considered prototypes by the developers, and more work is needed. These proposed inherent safety indices evaluate a number of factors related to inherent safety, including ... 

A comprehensive literature search should be carried out before initiating any laboratory work related to forced degradation studies. Such a search may uncover the needed information if the API is a well-known entity or guide the choice of conditions to be used if information is available for related compounds. 

Applications for dendrimers were hypothesized in the early years. Recently dendritic exploitation is indicative of future discoveries and uses. The following references and patents have been included as an initial guide to researchers interested in work related to this polymeric area. Utilitarian aspects are thus broken down into broad general topics these are not intended to be inclusive but rather illustrative in nature. 

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