Inhalation toxicology models

Utesch RC, Weir FW, Bruckner JV. 1981. Development of an animal model of solvent abuse for use in evaluation of extreme trichloroethylene inhalation. Toxicology 19 169-182. 

Yeh, H. C., A. J. Hulbert, R. F. Phalen, and O. G. Raabe. Mathematical considerations for particle deposition in the tracheobronchial tree Equations and lung model, pp. 298-302. In 1973-1974 Annual Report of the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute. LF-49. Albuquerque, N.M. Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1974. 

Griffiths, G.D., Phillips, G.J., Holley, J. (2007). Inhalation toxicology of ricin preparations animal models, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to protection. Inhal Toxicol. 19(10) 873-87. 

BarrEB, Cheng YS. Evaluation of TSI model 34-10 dry powder disperser. Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute Annual Report. 1987 61-64. 

Sarangapani, R., Teeguarden, J.G., Cruzan, G., Clewell, H.J. and Andersen, M.E. (2002) Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of styrene and styrene oxide respiratory-tract dosimetry in rodents and humans. Inhalation Toxicology, 14 (8), 789-834. 

Sommerville DR, ParkKH, Kierzewski MO, Dunkel MD, Hutton MI, Pinto NA. Toxic load modeling. Chapters In Inhalation Toxicology (Katz SA and Salem H, Eds.), 2nd Ed., Boca Raton, FT CRC Press, 2006. 

Mautz, W. J. (2003). Exercising animal models in Inhalation toxicology Interaction with ozone and formaldehyde, fiiii inon. Res. 92, 14-26. 

Kohn, M.C. Melnick, R.L. (1996) Effects of the structure of a toxicokinetic model of butadiene inhalation exposure on computed production of carcinogenic intennediates. Toxicology, 113, 31-39... 

R. B. Conolly, J. S. Kimbell, D. Janszen, P. M. Schlosser, D. Kalisak, J. Preston and F. J. Miller, Human Respiratory Tract Cancer Risks of Inhaled Formaldehyde Dose-Response Predictions Derived from Biologically-Motivated Computational Modeling of a Combined Rodent and Human Dataset, Toxicological Sciences, 82, 279-296. 

PBPK modeling can play an essential role in three common types of extrapolation used in classical toxicology dose to dose (usually high dose in animals to low dose for realistic exposure scenarios), route to route (e.g., ingestion vs. inhalation), and species to species (animal or cell culture to human). Each of these types of extrapolation is described in some detail below. 

Stober W, McClellen RO and Morrow PE (1993). Approaches to modelling disposition of inhaled particles and fibres in the lung. In Toxicology of the Lung, 2nd Edition (DE Gardner, JD Crapo and RO McClennan, eds), pp. 527-602. New York Raven Press. 

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