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Inhalants physiological effects

Ammonia is a strong local irritant which also has a corrosive effect on the eyes and the membranes of the pulmonary system. Vapor concentrations of 10,000 ppm are mildly irritating to the skin, whereas 30,000 ppm may cause bums. The physiological effects from inhalation are described in Table 16. Prolonged, intentional exposure to high levels of ammonia is unlikely because its characteristic odor can be detected at levels as low as 1 —5 ppm (94). The real danger occurs when escape is impossible, or the exposure victim has lost consciousness. [Pg.357]

In other applications of CT, orally administered barium sulfate or a water-soluble iodinated CM is used to opacify the GI tract. Xenon, atomic number 54, exhibits similar x-ray absorption properties to those of iodine. It rapidly diffuses across the blood brain barrier after inhalation to saturate different tissues of brain as a function of its lipid solubility. In preliminary investigations (99), xenon gas inhalation prior to brain CT has provided useful information for evaluations of local cerebral blood flow and cerebral tissue abnormalities. Xenon exhibits an anesthetic effect at high concentrations but otherwise is free of physiological effects because of its nonreactive nature. [Pg.469]

Press E, Done AK Solvent sniffing physiologic effects and community control measures for intoxication from the intentional inhalation of organic solvents, I. Pediatrics 39 451 61, 1967... [Pg.311]

Bhambhani Y, Singh M. 1991. Physiological effects of hydrogen sulfide inhalation during exercise in healthy men. J Appl Physiol 71 1872-1877. [Pg.177]

Dalin NM, Kristoffersson R. 1974. Physiological effects of a sublethal concentration of inhaled phenol on the rat. Ann Zool Fenn 11 193-199. [Pg.207]

Prakash O, Kumar R, Rahman M, Gaur SN. (2006) The clinico-physiological effect of inhaled tiotropium bromide and inhaled ipratropium bromide in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ind J Allergy Asthma Immunol 20 105-111 For further information http //www.rxlist.com/spiriva-drug.htm (accessed on 24.12.2010). [Pg.153]

Nau CA, Neal J, Stembridge VA, Cooley RN Physiological effects of carbon black. rVi Inhalation. Arch Environ Health 4 45-61, 1962... [Pg.120]

CsCBr and C4H9OCCI have been stored for several months at -20 C without deterioration. In view of possible physiological effects, contact with the skin and inhalation of vapours should be avoided. [Pg.147]

Methyl nitrate, a by-product of RDX and HMX manuf, boils at 65°C, and is quite volatile. It is extremely shock-sensitive. Methyl nitrate is apparently much weaker in its physiological effects than NG. Four-hour inhalation toxicity studies of its vapors gave LC50 values of... [Pg.834]

Toluene, an ingredient in many abused inhalants, possibly works on dopamine, a brain chemical involved in the pleasure-producing effects of other abused substances. More research is needed to understand how inhalants produce their physiological effects. [Pg.263]

Once before, Davy, son of a poor woodcarver of Penzance, had achieved overnight fame by his discovery of the physiological effects of laughing gas—that colorless nitrous oxide first obtained by Priestley in 1776 and later described by Berzelius to his teacher Afzelius. Distinguished people in all walks of life had come to London to inhale the gas which had raised Davy s pulse upwards of twenty strokes and made him dance about the laboratory as a madman. Even the poet Coleridge was among those who came, but admitted that Davy s epic poem on the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt had interested him more. [Pg.99]

Dubois J, Bartter T, Gryn J, Pratter MR. The physiologic effects of inhaled amphotericin. B. Chest 1995 108(3) 750-3. [Pg.208]

Riot control agents such as CN are those that cause disabling physiological effects when they come into contact with the eyes or skin, or when inhaled. They have the capacity to cause intense sensory irritation of the skin and mucous membranes of the eye and respiratory tract. They are peripheral sensory irritants that pharmacologically interact with sensory nerve receptors in skin and mucosal surfaces at the site of contamination resulting in local pain and discomfort sensations with associated reflexes. The reflex associated with the inhalation exposure of irritants is the Kratschmer reflex. This reflex causes apnea, bradycardia, and a biphasic fall and rise in aortic blood pressure. [Pg.626]

Markers of physiological effects can be useful in identifying early changes in respiratory functions of the lung due to inhaled material. Biomarkers are available to measure lung mechanical properties, ventilation, expiratory flow, intrapulmonary gas distribution, alveolar-capillary gas exchange, and perfusion. Such measurements have been used to test the effects of exposure to an array of inhaled toxicants. These assays can reveal functional manifestation of structural changes in the respiratory system, whether... [Pg.2263]

Of the many rentes of toxic-material entry into humans, inhalation is the most likely to occur and is the rente specified in cnrrent legislation. Toxicity data have been developed for most of the important indnstrial chemicals [19] and form the basis for threshold or allowable concentrations to which persons cam be exposed with no significant physiological effect. Evaluation of toxicity hazards is then based on the duration of exposures to concentrations above these threshold levels. The concentrations of toxic materials in air are primarily functions of vapor pressure and temperature (for toxic liquids) the rate of gas, vapor, mist, or dust release or generation and distance from the source. [Pg.1444]


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Inhalation effect

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