Inhalants epidemiology

Klemm RJ, Mason RM Jr (2000) Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiological Study (ARIES) air quality and daily mortality statistical modeling-interim results. J Air Waste... 

Anthony JC, Warner LA, Kessler RC Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2 244—268, 1994... 

Chnical and epidemiological observations suggest that inhalant use in humans occurs along a continuum, with considerable variability in usage patterns among individuals as a function of age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, avahabihty and type of inhalant, and other clinical variables. As a general rule, it is expected that as inhalant consumption and frequency of intoxication increase, the incidence and severity of medical and psychosocial problems wiU increase. 

Haverkos HW, Pinsky PF, Drotman DP, etal Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi s sarcoma. Sex Transm Dis 12 203-208, 1985 Haverkos HW, Kopstein AN, Wilson H, et al Nitrite inhalants history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS. Environ Health Perspect 102 858-861, 1994 Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, et al Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatr Serv49 812— 815, 1998... 

NIOSH. 1991. Fatal accident circumstances and epidemiology (FACE) report Two maintenance workers die after inhaling hydrogen sulfide in manhole, January 31, 1989. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Morgantown, WV. NTIS publication no. PB91212761. 

Taking the possible health effects caused by inhaled Rn-222 progeny in the general public into account, better risk estimates based on epidemiological studies on the general population are urgently needed. 

No acute-, intermediate-, or chronic-duration inhalation MRLs were derived for cyanide because of the limitations associated with the available studies. Many of the animal and human studies used lethality, or serious effects, such as coma, as the end point. Two epidemiological studies are available however, one study lacked good exposure data, and the other study involved occupational exposure in the electroplating industry where exposure to other chemicals may have occurred. 

There are no epidemiological or case reports of mirex-exposed individuals. The literature reviewed for the health effects of chlordecone in humans came from reports of one occupational cohort of workers exposed to chlordecone in a manufacturing plant. This exposure was classified as intermediate-to-chronic no precise duration or level of exposure to chlordecone could be quantified from these reports. A single route of exposure could not be established for this worker population poor hygiene in the plant made inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure routes likely to occur. The information on human exposure in this study is extremely limited because of the possible contamination with the precursor used to manufacture chlordecone, hexachloropentadiene. Therefore, information on human exposure to both mirex and chlordecone is limited. 

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