Infrastructure Risks

Composite billion infrastructure, risk score 1990 million 12% discount rate, percent rate, million risk, million GDP, percent... 

Stapelberg, R.F. 2008. Infrastructure systems interdependencies and risk informed decision making (RIDM) impact scenario analysis of infrastructure risks induced by natural, technological and intentional hazards. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 6(5) 21-7. 

Ezell, B., Farr, J. Wiese 1., 2000 Infrastructure risk analysis of municipal water distribution system. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, ASCE, 63 118-122. 

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in system protection against intentional threats of physical nature [8,19]. On those regards, model-based vulnerability assessment is a crucial phase in the risk analysis of critical infrastructures. In fact, typical risk models include the computation of three logically sequential factors probability or frequency of threats (P) probability that threats are successful in their intent (i.e., vulnerability, V) consequences of successful threats (i.e., expected damage, D). Therefore, in order to evaluate infrastructure risks (R), it is essential to be able to compute the vulnerability of the system with respect to the threats [11]. One of the most widespread and intuitive model for the evaluation of the risk is [21] R = P V D. This model is based on a quantitative notion of vulnerability, different from other definitions also commonly used,... 

Infrastructure risk can also be assessed for earthquake-induced ground deformation hazard such as liquefaction or lateral spreading, although this is less common since the prediction of permanent ground deformation is more complex. There are very few predictive relationships for... 

Santos, J. R., Haimes, Y. Y. (2004). Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures. Risk Analysis, 24(6) 1437-1451. 

Most project risk comes from two sources business requirements and technology infrastructure. It is common for a project team to evaluate complexity based mostly on the business requirements—the problem domain itself—and vastly underestimate the effort it will take to implement all the plumbing and supporting pieces that are not domain-specific. 

Perhaps the greatest value of the internship is that students often gain the opportunity to work on truly significant problems. On campus, their efforts would be limited by the ability of the campus infrastructure to address problems in a real rather than artificial manner. Arrangements would be much less flexible, and less readily adapted to meet the emerging needs of the individual. True, an on-campus base might always be seen to involve less risk and offer greater administrative convenience. However, in our experience, there is no preferred substitute for actual experience. 

Feature 9. Incorporate security considerations into decisions about acquisition, repair, major maintenance, and replacement of physical infrastructure include consideration of opportunities to reduce risk through physical hardening and adoption of inherently lower-risk design and technology options. 

Rosyid, D. Jablonski and U. Hauptmanns. Risk analysis for the infrastructure of a hydrogen economy, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32,3194-3200 (2007)... 

Improve the infrastructure for problem detection and product information dissemination, to strengthen consumer protection and take timely, effective risk management actions with all FDA-regulated products. 

For the inhabitants of the exclusion zone, situated in a forested region without well-developed economic and social infrastructures, it is of interest to estimate the relative contributions to internal exposure of forest food (berries and mushrooms) and conventional agricultural food (potatoes and milk). Some specialist studies have assumed that forest food represents only a small part of the diet of inhabitants of the exclusion zone, but we would suggest that in fact, it plays a major role. Typically, the consumption of forest food contributes 50% of the internal exposure dose, while for some critical population groups, it can exceed 80%. The definition of the spatial variation in pollution, the prevailing ecological conditions, and the diet should allow a scientifically-based prediction to be made of the internal exposure dose to the local population, and will help to identify the major risk factors within a certain time period following the Chernobyl catastrophe. 

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