Infrared monitoring

Most infrared monitoring systems or instruments provide special filters that can be used to avoid the negative effects of atmospheric attenuation of infrared data. However the plant user must recognize the specific factors that will affect the accuracy of the infrared data and apply the correct filters or other signal conditioning required negating that specific attenuating factor or factors. 

The TPSR technique has also been used by Konduru and Chuang [160] in order to investigate N20 and NO decomposition pathways on Cu-ZSM-5. The infrared monitoring of the adsorbed species during the sample heating under NO showed that the Cu+(NO) intensity parallels the rate of N20 formation. This TPSR result allowed the authors to suggest that NO adsorbed on Cu+ acts as precursor for N20 formation. 

F. F. Jobsis. Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters. Science, 198 1264-1267, 1977. 

The tetrahedral complexes of the d ° Ni(0) system undergo dissociative substitution (Table 4.15). Kinetic data are shown in Table 8.12.243 Infrared monitoring methods feature prominently in these studies (Sec. 3.9.2). 

A. Gupta, G.E. Peck, R.W. Miller and K.R. Morris, Real-time near-infrared monitoring of content uniformity, moisture content, compact density, tensile strength, and Young s modulus of roller compacted powder blends, J. Pharm. Sci., 94(7), 1589-1597 (2005). 

Measurements either from the ground or from satellites have been a major contribution to this effort, and satellite instruments such as LIMS (Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere) on the Nimbus 7 satellite (I) in 1979 and ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace Molecular Spectroscopy instrument), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer aboard Spacelab 3 (2) in 1987, have produced valuable data sets that still challenge our models. But these remote techniques are not always adequate for resolving photochemistry on the small scale, particularly in the lower stratosphere. In some cases, the altitude resolution provided by remote techniques has been insufficient to provide unambiguous concentrations of trace gas species at specific altitudes. Insufficient altitude resolution is a handicap particularly for those trace species with large gradients in either altitude or latitude. Often only the most abundant species can be measured. Many of the reactive trace gases, the key species in most chemical transformations, have small abundances that are difficult to detect accurately from remote platforms. 

L1MS Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere ST C02, HNOj, 0, H20, NOj Nimbus 7 (1978-79)... 

Both absorption and emission experiments have been made using a number of different instruments. The Limb Radiance Inversion Radiometer (LRIR) and Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) are both infrared radiometers which were flown aboard Nimbus 6 and 7, respectively, and recorded data in 1978 and 1979 (Gille et al., 1980 Gille and Russell, 1984). The six channels of LIMS observed emission by C02, HN03,03, H20 and N02 from 15-65 km. 

Gille, J.C. and J.M. Russell III (1984) The limb Infrared Monitor of die stratosphere experimental description, performance and results. Journal of Geophysical Research 89 5125-.5140. 

Advanced monitoring methodologies (gas detectors, infrared monitoring, thickness measurements by eddy current and magnetic methods)... 

The aminophosphoranide molybdenum adduct 6 was obtained in 66% yield as yellow crystals by allowing LiMe to react with the cationic adduct 15 in a thf/ether solution (3 1) at -20°C. Infrared monitoring of the reaction showed that the v(C0) vibrations of at 1850 and 1978 cm- had completely disappeared after 30 mn, while two new absorptions had developed at 1855 and 1945 cm-. ... 

Fig. 6 The effect of adding trace elements to the nutrient on the growth of a biofilm on the inside of a glass tube, using infrared monitoring. (From Ref.. )...

Satellite observations have added much to our understanding of the morphology of atmospheric ozone, both in terms of its altitude profile and total column density (see Box 5.3). For example, early observations by the Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer (BUV) on board Nimbus 4, as well as by the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), and the Solar and Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer (SBUV) on board Nimbus 7 led to the first global view of the distribution of ozone... 

Mid-Infrared Monitoring Applications during Development of the Vinyl Ether Formation Step in the Preparation of Aprepitant (Emend )... 

Kurth C.D., Steven I.M., Benaron D. et al. 1993. Near-infrared monitoring of the cerebral circulation./. Clin. Monit. 9 163. 

U. Bentmp, L. Kupper, U, Budde, K, Lovis, K. Jahnisch, Mid-infrared monitoring of gas-liquid reactions in vitamin D analogue synthesis with a novel fiber optical diamond ATR sensor, Chem. Eng. Technol. 2006, 29, 1216-1220. 

U.v. microscopy has been used in the study of the thermo-oxidation of poly-(4-methylpent-l-ene). The reaction was first-order over a wide range of film thicknesses, temperatures, and oxygen pressures. The rate of oxidation increased with increasing crystallinity and occurred extensively in the crystalline phase. It was noted that if stabilizers were present they were excluded from the crystalline phase. It has also been stated, somewhat surprisingly, that the kinetics of thermo-oxidation of isotactic poly(4-methylpent-l-ene) derived from weight loss experiments corresponds with those derived by infrared monitoring of the formation of non-volatile carbonyl groups. 

Figure 20A Infrared monitoring of the reaction of 4 under 15 bar CO at 25 C in dichloromethane.

Miller RW. Process analytical technologies PAT part 2. Am Pharm 2003 6(1) 52-61. Gupta A, Peck GE, Morris KR. Near infrared monitoring of roller compaction. In Roth, ed. Proceedings of the Institute of Briquetting and Agglomeration. Vol. 28. Erie, PA Gannon University, 2003 20-34. 

LONG-TERM INFRARED MONITORING OF STELLAR SOURCES FR04 EARTH ORBIT... 

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