Correction filter

Use, where appropriate, of a properly-fitting respirator with correct filter or air-fed equipment. 

Most infrared monitoring systems or instruments provide special filters that can be used to avoid the negative effects of atmospheric attenuation of infrared data. However the plant user must recognize the specific factors that will affect the accuracy of the infrared data and apply the correct filters or other signal conditioning required negating that specific attenuating factor or factors. 

It can be shown [4] that the innovations of a correct filter model applied on data with Gaussian noise follows a Gaussian distribution with a mean value equal to zero and a standard deviation equal to the experimental error. A model error means that the design vector h in the measurement equation is not adequate. If, for instance, in the calibration example the model was quadratic, should be [1 c(j) c(j) ] instead of [1 c(j)]. In the MCA example h (/) is wrong if the absorptivities of some absorbing species are not included. Any error in the design vector appears by a non-zero mean for the innovation [4]. One also expects the sequence of the innovation to be random and uncorrelated. This can be checked by an investigation of the autocorrelation function (see Section 20.3) of the innovation. 

Alternatively, one can attempt to formulate an algebraic model by assuming that the spatial/temporal transport terms are null for the conditional reaction-progress variables. However, care must be taken to ensure that the correct filtered reaction-progress variables are predicted by the resulting model. 

Once a lossless prototype has been chosen, the absorptive filters and the correction filter need to be implemented based on a desired reverberation time curve. Jot has specified a simple solution using first order HR filters for the absorptive filters, whose transfer functions are written [Jot, 1992b] ... 

Remarkably, this leads to a correction filter which is first order FIR ... 

The derivation of these parameters is detailed in the reference [Jot, 1992b]. The family of reverberation time curves obtained from first order filters is limited, but leads to natural sounding reverberation. Jot also describes methods for creating higher order absorption and correction filters by combining first order sections. 

A consequence of incorporating the absorptive filters into the lossless prototype is that the frequency response envelope of the reverberator will no longer be flat. For exponentially decaying reverberation, the frequency response envelope is proportional to the reverberation time at all frequencies. We can compensate for this effect by associating a correction filter t(z) in series with the reference filter, whose squared magnitude is inversely proportional to the reverberation time [Jot, 1992b] ... 

After applying the correction filter, the frequency response envelope of the reverberator will be flat. This effectively decouples the reverberation time control from the overall gain of the reverberator. The final reverberator structure is shown in figure 3.27. Any additional equalization of the reverberant response, for instance, to match the frequency envelope of an existing room, can be effected by another filter in series with the correction filter. 

Sometimes, tuned filters are configured to provide power factor correction for a facility as well as harmonic current filtering. In such cases the filter would be designed to carry the resonant harmonic frequency current and also the normal frequency current at the fundamental frequency. In either case, a power system harmonic study is paramount to ensure that no ill effects would be produced by the application of the power factor correction/filter circuit. 

In the fluorescence microscope, careful consideration of the sample and system components is necessary to specify the correct filters for probe detection. Use of multiband dichroics and emission filters in a stationary turret with single exciters in an external slider or filter wheel can give near simultaneous probe detection with no registration shift, but there are likely compromises in overall brightness, color balance difficulty, and reduced resolution of the color CCD camera. 

Colocalization can only be ascertained in the absence of cross-talk between or bleed-through from selected fluorochromes. Accurate colocalization can only occur, if emission spectra are sufficiently separated between fluorochromes and, if correct filter sets are used during the acquisition step. Choosing fluorochromes with well-separated excitation and emission spectra is, therefore, critical for multiple labeling (multiple fluorochromes) and colocalization (15, 16). In addition, it is important to consider the microscope setup because... 

All of these factors can be synthesized into the following principle More photons will hit the detector in aligned systems that have the correct filters. With dim FISH signals it is necessary to increase the exposure time and averaging. It is important not to bleach the... 

Figure 3.13. The effect of analogue filters on signal-to-noise. Spectrum (a) was recorded with the correct filter width (1.25 times the spectral width), and (b) and (c) with it increased 10- and 100-fold respectively.

ISO 11562 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture Profile method — Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters. 

Answers to the questions should point to a label type and a method of application for the antibodies. For high-resolution samples, generally the needed label is fluorescence. For lower-resolution samples, both fluorescence and enzymes can be used. However, before deciding on a label type, determine whether the correct microscope is available. A wide field fluorescence (epifluorescence) microscope or a confocal microscope is required for fluorescent type of label. Also, check the fluorescence microscope to determine whether it has the correct filter sets (Chapter 13, Microscopy and Images). 

The sixth category. Microscopy, lists the microscope needed to examine the sections at the end of the experiment. Especially when using new labels and/or a new microscope, check that the correct fluorescent filters and illumination are available. If the results are to be collected on a confocal microscope, the correct filter set and laser must be available. 

Confirm that the correct filter set (and laser lines) was used to collect the images. 

Immediately after sterile filtration, suitable control methods must be used to determine that the filter was not damaged, that no leakage had occurred and that a correct filter was used. These data form a part of the Lot Production Record. 

Fig. 5 (a) Bumps signal with while noise, (h) multiscale filtered signal using D2 boundary corrected filter (MSE = 0.1045, CR = 7.7), (c) reconstructed. signal using boxcar compression (MSE = 0.5721, CR = 7.7). 

That issue could be addressed through correct filtering. 

Are you using the correct filter This should be 492 nm. If you have relatively strong color but the machine is reading only 0.1 C0.4, then check the filter. 

In order to bring the photocell to a response that approximates the sensitivity of the human eye for the different parts of the visible spectrum, color-correcting filters are interposed that attenuate the ranges in which the normally used selenium cell is more responsive than the eye, i.e, below 0.53 and above 0.58 wavelength. Standard lamps are used for calibration. 

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