Influence of the Lipid

Unfortunately, only a few investigators pay sufficient attention to detailed consideration of the lipid characteristics. A monoglyceride and a triglyceride will behave differently in an aqueous environment. The used lipids should be classified, according 

The influence of lipid composition on particle size was also confirmed for SLN produced via high-shear homogenization [21], The average particle size of Witepsol W35 SLN was found to be significantly smaller (117.0 1.8 nm) than the average particle size of Dynasan 118 SLN (175.1 3.5 nm). Witepsol W35 contains shorter fatty acid chains and considerable amounts of mono- and diglycerides, which possess surface-active properties. 

Increasing the lipid content over 10% leads to larger particles (including microparticles) and broader particle size distributions [27,30], Both a decrease of the homogenization efficiency and an increase in particle agglomeration cause this phenomenon. 

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Normal serum values for vitamin E range from 3.0 to 16.0 pg/ml. The marked influence of the lipid levels in the bloodstream on plasma tocopherol makes it... 

In 1924 he became part of the staff of the Medico-Chemical Institution as an associate assistant and temporary associate professor working on the influence of the lipids on the sedimentation of the blood corpuscles. In 1931 at Uppsala University, he studied the molecular weight of myoglobin. The following year he was appointed associate professor in medical and physiological chemistry at Uppsala University and continued and extended his work on myoglobin. 

Fig. 5.22 Influence of the lipid phase on the headspace concentration of (A) dimethyl sulphide and (B) allyl mustard oil ( A = water, O - oil, o = emulsion, = water and oil not emulsified) [32]...

Table 3 Influence of the lipid backbone on the transbilayer and permeation kinetics of functional lipids (17a)-(17i), as measured by Moss and coworkers...

The influence of the lipid molecules on membrane function becomes obvious when the differences in lipid mixtures of several plasma membranes are taking under consideration (Table 5). 

Influence of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal on human neutrophil migration. Int. J. Tissue React. 6 13-18. 

INFLUENCE OF THE LIPID ENVIRONMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF RHODOPSIN IN THE PHOTORECEPTOR MEMBRANE... 

Parameters, which are used in our study of the influence of the lipid environment on rhodopsin, are ... 

Curzio, M., Esterbauer, H., Di Mauro C. and Dianzani, M.U. (1990) Influence of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal on human neutrophil migration. Int. J. Immunother. 6, 13-18. 

Fig. 5. Influencing of the lipid-mobilizing effects of increasing concentrations of the P-mimetic agent isoprenaline (ISO, abscissa) by means of constant concentrations of the a-lytic agent DCI in vitro. Mean values SE. Intrinsic mimetic effect of DCI and parallel displacement of the dose-response curves are to be...

The influence of the lipophilic external phase on the production of xylan-based microparticles by interfacial cross-linking polymerization has been investigated (Nagashima et al., 2008). Three different external phases were investigated a 1 4 (v/v) chloroform cyclohexane mixture, soybean oil, and a medium chain triglyceride, with viscosities below 1, 24, and 52 cP, respectively. It was observed that the use of these different lipid phases results in different macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the system (Figure 10). 

It has been shown by FM that the phase state of the lipid exerted a marked influence on S-layer protein crystallization [138]. When the l,2-dimyristoyl-OT-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine (DMPE) surface monolayer was in the phase-separated state between hquid-expanded and ordered, liquid-condensed phase, the S-layer protein of B. coagulans E38/vl was preferentially adsorbed at the boundary line between the two coexisting phases. The adsorption was dominated by hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. The two-dimensional crystallization proceeded predominately underneath the liquid-condensed phase. Crystal growth was much slower under the liquid-expanded monolayer, and the entire interface was overgrown only after prolonged protein incubation. 

At a more molecular level, the influences of the composition of the membrane domains, which are characteristic of a polarized cell, on diffusion are not specifically defined. These compositional effects include the differential distribution of molecular charges in the membrane domains and between the leaflets of the membrane lipid bilayer (Fig. 3). The membrane domains often have physical differences in surface area, especially in the surface area that is accessible for participation in transport. For example, the surface area in some cells is increased by the presence of membrane folds such as microvilli (see Figs. 2 and 6). The membrane domains also have differences in metabolic selectivity and capacity as well as in active transport due to the asymmetrical distribution of receptors and transporters. 

Vuorio AF, Ojala JP, Sarna S, Turtola H, Tikkanen MJ, Kontula K. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia the influence of the mutation type of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor gene and PvuII polymorphism of the normal allele on serum lipid levels and response to lo-vastatin treatment. J Intern Med 1995 237 43-48. 

Batcheller et al. also discuss the influence of the dyeing process on the composition of the fibre s surface. They note that high alkalinity/acidity and extended processing time result in loss of surface lipid. Nevertheless, the dyeing process has limited influence on the ageing process due to light exposure. 

The number of organic substituents also influences interaction with lipid bilayers. Diphenyltin chloride causes disturbances of the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer, triphenyltin chloride adsorbs to the head-group region, and tetraphenyltin does not partition into the lipid bilayer [235-237]. Similar results were found for the butylated tins [238]. In addition, the mono-butyltin was homogeneously distributed within the lipid bilayer [238]. 

The close packing of the acyl groups associated with the inclination of the lipid A backbone with respect to the fatty acid orientation seems to constitute a common and characteristic feature of the lipid A conformation. This specific (endotoxic) conformation is very likely to influence greatly the tendency of the amphiphilic lipid A to adopt peculiar supramolecular structures. 

Influence of subphase temperature, pH, and molecular structure of the lipids on their phase behavior can easily be studied by means of this method. The effect of chain length and structure of polymerizable and natural lecithins is illustrated in Figure 5. At 30°C distearoyllecithin is still fully in the condensed state (33), whereas butadiene lecithin (4), which carries the same numEer of C-atoms per alkyl chain, is already completely in the expanded state (34). Although diacetylene lecithin (6) bears 26 C-atoms per chain, it forms both an expanded and a condensed phase at 30°C. The reason for these marked differences is the disturbance of the packing of the hydrophobic side chains by the double and triple bonds of the polymerizable lipids. At 2°C, however, all three lecithins are in the condensed state. Chapman (27) reports about the surface pressure area isotherms of two homologs of (6) containing 23 and 25 C-atoms per chain. These compounds exhibit expanded phases even at subphase temperatures as low as 7°C. 

As different tissues have different lipid compositions [112], several groups have worked on the composition of the lipid solutions to overcome these initial PAMPA issues. Sugano and coworkers investigated the influence of the chain length of the organic solvent on the permeability of a small set of compounds over a PC membrane [136], They reported an enhanced permeability with... 

Nanbo T. 1993. Influence of dietary lipids on glucuronidation and sulfation of phenol and its para substituent in the rat. Biol Pharm Bull 16 518-520. 

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