Inflammatory response, involvement

In addition to bioactive eicosanoids, the inflammatory response involves the sequential activation of various signaling pathways, including reactive oxygen intermediates, cytokines, growth factors, enzymes,... 

At least three different sources of ROS contribute to oxidative stress in the respiratory system. First, the initial inflammatory response involving macrophage-mediated phagocytosis involves the release of Oy, which is primarly generated by the NADPH oxidase system in these cells. This respiratory burst likely evolved as... 

To understand the mechanism of action of NSAIDs, it is important to explore pathways of inflammation. The inflammatory response involves production of prostaglandins. These mediators of inflammatory activity are ubiquitous throughout the body. In addition, they mediate other cellular and tissue responses that are crucial to homeostasis, such as platelet a regation and renin release. Because of these necessities, prostaglandins are produced on demand and consequently have a short half-life. 

A systemic inflammatory response involving up-regulation of TNF-a and IL-1 is believed to be instrumental in the formation and destabilization of plaques, one of the risk factors for ischemic stroke (Emsley and Tyrrell, 2002 Hansson and Libby, 2006). There is considerable clinical data indicating that this systemic inflammation is associated with unfavorable outcome in stroke patients (McColl et al., 2007). However, this inter-relationship of systemic inflammation with stroke pathology has not been well studied. 

The inflammatory response involves many types of tissues and cells. These cells produce some common modulators like eicosanoids, cytokines, ROS, and nitrogen intermediates. The eicosanoids are classified into three big groups, prostaglandins and prostacyclins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes. 

Okegawa, T., Jonas, P.E., DeSchryver, K., Kawasaki, A. and Needleman, P. (1983). Metabolic and cellular alterations underlying the exaggerated renal prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in ureter obstruction in rabbits. Inflammatory response involving fibroblasts and mononuclear cells. J. Clin. Invest., 71, 81-90... 

Dietary fat and cholesterol play a role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses involved in atherogene-sis. Han et al. (32) showed that a diet high in hydrogenated fat and trans fatty acids, compared with an unsaturated soybean... 

The localization of lymphocytes to tissue during immune/inflammatory responses involves a series of complex mechanisms, including the nature of tissue-based chemokine production. The regulation of specific molecules and the expression... 

The primary concern in a bum injury patient is the sequence of events resulting in fluid shifts from the vasculature to extravascular spaces. When the skin barrier is damaged, a set of events occurs that includes an inflammatory response involving... 

Viral encephalitis is a life-threatening condition caused by several viruses and can provoke an inflammatory response that leads to recruitment of leukocytes. In viral encephalitis, the inflammatory response involves activated T-cells and monocytes that are recruited into the subarachnoid space. Chemokines produced locally within the brain parenchyma play an important role in initiating the extravasation of responding leukocytes in viral encephalitis (Table I). Indeed, MCP-l/CCL-2 and IP-IO/CXCLIO have been identified as the main chemokines whose expression is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from viral meningitis (Lahrtz et al., 1997). 

When designing polymeric biomaterials that are to function inside the body, it is useful to incorporate the potential benefits of an inflammatory response with regard to material degradation (Anderson et al., 2008). The inflammatory response involves... 

The significance of numerous mediators varies according to the nature of inflammatory response involved, whether it is an acute, immediate-immune or delayed hypersensitivity type. The lymph node permeability factor (OUT) appears to have a major role in delayed hypersensitivity. It is affected by relatively high doses of indomethacin, (I) salicylate and pyridinol carbamate.(II)... 

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