Inflammation Serous

Rabbit (albino) once Ocular 0.1 mL (severe conjunctival inflammation with serous and hemorrhagic exudates severe/ moderate corneal injury) Haskell Laboratory 1961... 

HDI has been demonstrated to be an ocular irritant in laboratory animals in several studies. HDI (0.1 mL, undiluted) was instilled into both eyes of a male albino rabbit. One eye was washed 20 seconds later with large amounts of water, whereas the other eye was not washed. The animal was sacrificed 8 days after treatment. Initially, the exposure caused severe conjunctival inflammation accompanied by serous and hemorrhagic exudates of both eyes, with severe (unwashed eye) or moderate (washed eye) corneal injury. When the rabbit was sacrificed 8 days after treatment, the corneas of both eyes appeared dull and the eyelids were inflamed and still showed the hemorrhagic and serous exudates. Healed eomeal lesions... 

Effusion of non-viscous serous fluid skin blisters exemplify this pattern of inflammation. 

The patient may report episodes of watering or tenderness. When reduced lOP is fc>imd by applanation tonometry, a careful examination of the woimd is necessary.This inspection is achieved by painting sodium fluorescein over the cataract incision to observe for Seidel s sign. Occasionally, the auxiliary incisions can leak, so they should also be examined. The clinician should note the appearance of the cornea, which often shows endothelial folds. After the instillation of sodium fluorescein, a waffled appearance of the cornea is generally apparent if the lOP is markedly reduced (Figure 30-3). In addition, the anterior chamber depth should be assessed as well as the presence of inflammation. The pupils should be dilated and a retinal examination should be performed to rule out serous or hemorrhagic choroidal separations or a retinal break or detachment. 

Under normal conditions, the alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell layers that make up the air-blood barrier control the passage of fluids and cells between the air spaces of the lung and the interstitium. Damage to this delicate barrier can cause an inflammatory response and the impairment of lung function. Changes in the permeability of the alveolarcapillary barrier lead to an infusion of proteinaceous serous fluid (edema) and blood cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils). This influx of cells usually peaks within the first 3-7 days of the inflammatory response. If the inflammation is sustained it is... 

The pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities normally contain a small amount of serous fluid that lubricates the opposing parietal and visceral membrane surfaces. Inflammation or infections affecting the cavities cause fluid to accumulate. The fluid may be removed to determine if it is an effusion or an exudate, a distinction made possible by protein or enzyme analysis. The collection procedure is called paracentesis. When specifically apphed to the pleural cavity, the procedure is a thoracentesis if applied to the pericardial cavity, a pericardiocentesis. Paracenteses shordd be performed only by sldlled and experienced physicians. Pericardiocentesis has now been largely supplanted by echocardiography. 

In order to develop meaningful assay systems to study mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation, cells from cartilage, bone, normal synovium, and from organized inflammatory lesions as well as leukocytes from spleen, thymus, and macrophages from serous cavities of laboratory animals maintained as stable populations in cell or organ culture have been utilized. 

The physiologic characteristics of the peritoneal cavity determine the nature of the response to infection or inflammation within it. The peritonemn is lined by a highly permeable serous membrane with a smface area approximately that of skin. The peritoneal cavity is lubricated with less than 100 mL of sterile, clear yellow fluid, normally with fewer than 300 ceUs/mm, a specific gravity below 1.016, and protein content below 3 g/dL. These conditions change drastically with peritoneal infection or inflammation, as described below. 

Use.— Bubefacient to allay inflammations of serous and mucous BurfEices to relieve congestion of various organs and to alleviate neuralgic and other pains and spasms. 

The term anaphylactoid reaction was first used by Biedl and Kraus [67] to describe the shock syndrome produced in dogs after the primary injection of certain peptidic materials. Later, non-protein colloids were found to produce a similar response in normal guinea-pigs [86, 264-269]. The anaphylactoid reaction, therefore, represents an unusual and hypersensitive vascular response to the first injection of a foreign substance. The symptoms of the response resemble those of anaphylaxis, but a specific antigen-antibody reaction does not appear to be implicated [701]. Using this definition, the acute serous inflammation produced in rats by the primary injection of egg-white has also been classified as an anaphylactoid reaction [402-404,561]. 

Millon et al. monitored plaque inflammation in atherosclerotic rabbits using a combined PET/MR scanner. Proton magnetic resonance metabolomic characterization of ovarian serous carcinoma was performed by Vettukattil et for diagnostic purposes. Pan et using NMR lipidomic approach, noticed increased unsaturation of lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets in DAOY cancer cells in response to cisplatin treatment. Akoudad et examined formation of cerebral microbleeds associated with the progression of ischemic vascular lesions, while Kos-tara et followed the progression of coronary heart disease NMR-based lipidomic analysis of blood lipoproteins. 

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