Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer

2 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer 

The most common type of emission spectrometer in use today (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, or ICP-OES) atomizes a sample by passing an electric current into a gas plasma that contains the sample. In these optical emission methods, the sample is heated to high temperature. At this temperature the individual elements glow with their representative colors, e.g., red for potassium, yellow for sodium. The light from the sample is focused on a monochrometer to select a wavelength appropriate for the element of interest. That light at the correct wavelength is focused on a detector that measures its intensity (Fig. 4.8). 

Emission spectroscopy is used to measure concentrations of a wide range of elements. Complex mixtures of elements heated to high temperature display characteristic emission spectra composed of multiple monochromatic lines - the sum of the spectra of the individual elements. When the light is separated into individual spectral lines by the spectrometer, each element is represented by several lines and the pattern of these lines is unique to that element. The intensity of the light indicates the amount of an element present in the mixture. This principle provides for the quantitative recording of elemental abundance. 

Ideally, an emission source should atomize a sample completely and provide a 

Radio frequency energy is inductively coupled with the plasma, creating an 

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The instrument which uses this plasma torch is called an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) or an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). It is similar to an... 

Silva, F.Y., Trevizan, L. C., Silva, C. S., Nogueira, A. R. A., and Nobrega, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers with axially and radially viewed configurations. Spectrochimica Acta B 57 1905-1913. 

Table 1.4 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers available on the market... 

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. 84... 

Figure 2.47 Schematic diagram of an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer.

A novel technique of atomisation, known as vapour generation via generation of the metal hydride, has been evolved, which has increased the sensitivity and specificity enormously for these elements [5-7]. In these methods the hydride generator is linked to an AAS (flame graphite furnace) or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) or an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (IPC-MS). Typical detection limits achievable by these techniques range from 3 pg/1 (arsenic) to 0.09 pg/1 (selenium). 

ICP-OES Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometer... 

To determine if leaching of platinum occurred during experiments with multiple use of catalyst, analyses for platinum content before and after using a catalyst in a hydrosilylation reaction were performed on an ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma— optical emission) spectrometer (Vista MPX, Australia). 

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. 

Concentrations of total arsenic in soil and water samples contaminated with old Arsenical Munitions are not very useful to characterize the potential risks. Knowledge of which arsenic compounds are present in such samples is absolutely necessary to define toxicity. The identification of arsenic compounds requires a separation step combined with a detection step. For separation, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography are widely used. Atomic absorption spectrometers, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers may serve as arsenic-specific detectors. 

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