Inductively coupled plasma optical emission efficiency

Atomic techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AA), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for metal analysis.190-192 A content uniformity analysis of a calcium salt API tablet formulation by ICP-AES exhibited significantly improved efficiency and fast analysis time (1 min per sample) compared to an HPLC method.193... 

The % Cd(II) in the irradiated suspension dropped quickly in the first two hours but was little changed beyond 2 hours. The mass of Cd deposited on the catalyst (P2S anatase) increased linearly as Ae mass of catalyst increased up to 2.0 g/SOO cm The increase in the % reduction with [MeOH] is depicted in Fig.A17.1. The little change in the % of reduction after 2 hours could be due to the deposited Cd on the P2S surface which does not allow the uv light to reach the catalyst particles. The increase in the extent of reduction with [MeOH] is expected since the alcohol is an efficient hole scavenger, thus preventing the hole/electron recombination. Measurements of [Cd(II)] were carried out using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission system. 

Sulfate S is extracted from air-dry soil of <2 mm particle size with deionised water, using a soil to solution ratio of 1 5 and an extraction time of 17 hour at 25°C. This extracting solution will not displace adsorbed S, and will not necessarily dissolve all the gypsum that could be present. The extracted S is then determined in an aliquot of clear soil extract by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES). In conjunction with vacuum optics, ICPAES is an efficient technique for the measurement of S in soil extracts. At the wavelength, 182.036 nm, there is virtually no interference from Ca2+. 

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ionization has currently assumed a more prominent role in the field of elemental and isotopic analysis [1,2,14]. It is apphcable to solid-state as well as to solution-phase samples. A plasma is defined as a form of matter that contains a significant concentration of ions and electrons. The heart of this technique is a plasma torch, first developed as an efficient source for optical emission spectroscopy (OES) [15,16]. Multielement analysis with OES has, however, some serious shortcomings, such as complicated spectra, spectral interferences, high background levels, and inadequate detection of some rare-earth and heavy elements. The high ionization efficiency (>90%) of ICP for most elements is an attractive feature for its coupling to mass spectrometry. 

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