Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Nakai S, Fidcuda S, Nakada S (2001) Thorium isotopic measurements on silicate rock samples with a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Analyst 126 1707-1710... 

Taylor PDF, De Bievre P, Walder AJ, Entwistle A (1995) Vahdation of the analytical linearity and mass discrimination correction model exhibited by a Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer by means of a set of synthetic uranium isotope mixtures. J Anal At Spectrom 10 395-398... 

Pd removal was determined as follows. An aliquot of a representative liquid or solid sample was accurately weighed and subsequently digested by refluxing in nitric and/or hydrochloric acid using a closed vessel microwave procedure (CEM MARS5 Xpress or Milestone Ethos EZ). Cooled, digested samples were diluted, matrix matched to standards, and referenced to a linear calibration curve for quantitation an internal standard was employed to improve quantitation. All samples were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer or ICP/MS (Perkin Elmer SCIEX Elan DRCII) operated in the standard mode. 

The main purpose of this work is to determine the IPGE contents of chromites from mantle podiform chromitites, from crustal stratiform chromitites and from various types of lavas. The analyses have been carried out by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) which allows in-sltu determination of trace elements in chromite. 

Samples were prepared for Cu isotope analysis on the Multicollector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) at University of Arizona. The Cu-rich samples were loaded and dissolved in pure HNO3 and the Cu-poor samples were loaded and dissolved in a mixture of HCI and HNO3, Chromatographic separation of the Fe and Cu ions was deemed necessary for the Cu-rich samples. The diluted solutions were injected into the MC-ICPMS using a microconcentric nebulizer. Samples were run numerous times to increase precision. The Cu isotope ratios are reported in conventional per mil notation, relative to the NIST 976 standard. Mass bias was also accounted for by bracketing methods with the NIST 976 standard. 

The samples purified with lEC were diluted to approximately 100 ppb Cu. These samples were injected into a Multicollector Inductively-Coupled-Plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS, Micromass Isoprobe at the University of Arizona and Neptune at Washington State University) in low resolution mode using a microconcentric nebulizer to increase sensitivity for the samples with lower concentrations of copper. The nebulizer flow was adjusted so that the intensity of the Cu beam remained constant at 2 volts. Both on and off peak blank corrections were applied to the data and yielded the same result. 

Sehematic diagram of a commercial inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. 

The distributions of trace elements between minerals and within a suite of related rocks provide powerful tools for constraining the origin and history of rocks and meteorites. Trace-element abundances for rocks typically are part of the data set collected when determining bulk compositions. Trace element compositions of minerals require more powerful techniques such as the ion microprobe or the laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS). 

Inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometers (ICPMS) are relatively new to cosmochemistry, although they have been widely used in other fields. The plasma source makes most of the periodic table accessible to measurement, so several radioactive isotope systems that used to be impractical to use for chronology are now routinely used (see Chapters 8 and 9). 

Figure 5.1 Main parts of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer sample introduction systems (left column), e.g., Meinhard or MicroMist nebulizer with cyclonic spray chamber, ultrasonic nebulizer, microconcentric nebulizer and laser ablation system (all from CETAC Technologies), ion source (middle column) and several types of mass spectrometers, (a) Agilent 7500 from Agilent, (b) Platform from CV Instruments, or (c) Element from Thermo Fisher Scientific. (Parts of this figure were reproduced with permission from CETAC Technologies, Agilent, CV Instruments and Thermo Tisher Scientific, respectively.)...

Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometers (LA-ICP-MS)... 

Figure 5.22 Schematic of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer a laser ablation system (wa velength 213 nm) is coupled to a double-focusing sector field ICP-MS (Element, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen). The cooled laser ablation chamber using two Peltier elements was developed in the author s laboratoryJ26 (M. V. Zoriy, M. Kayser, A. Izmer, C. Pickhardt and J. S. Becker, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 242, 297 (2005). Reproduced by permission of Elsevier.)...

M. Vazquez Pelaez, J. M. Costa-Fernandez and A. Sanz-Medel, Critical comparison between quadrupole and time-of-flight inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers for isotope ratio measurements in elemental speciation, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 17, 2002, 950-957. 

A. Woller, H. Garraud, J. Boisson, A. M. Dorthe, P. Fodor and O. F. X. Donard, Simultaneuous speciation of redox species of arsenic and selenium using an anion-exchange microbore column coupled with a micro-concentric nebuliser and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as detector, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 13, 1998, 141-149. 

The extremely sensitive inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer was described in Section 21-6. Figure 24-23 shows 15 pesticides measured by gas chromatography— inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Eluate was atomized and ionized in the plasma. Ions were measured by a mass spectrometer that could monitor any set of mlz values. The figure shows traces for P, S, I Cl, or Br. 

Elemental analysis by mass spectrometiy was performed using a Perkin-Elmer Sciex ELAN 6000 Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and a ThermoFinnigan Element 2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometer. The iron oxide colored fibers (Table III, 16, 17) were weighed into the following aliquots (1) 1 mg rabbit hair (RH), (2) 5 mg RH, (3) 1 mg of milkweed (MW), (4) 5 mg MW and (5) a mixture of 2.5 mg RH and MW each. These samples were combined with concentrated nitric acid. Wanning the mixture to just below boiling temperature for 5 to 7 minutes did not result in total digestion. Hence, the incubation time in the water bath was increased to 30 minutes. Afterward, these samples were analyzed in the spectrometer. 

The analyses were carried out at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, IL. The instrumentation is a Varian inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) equivalent to the actual Varian 810 instrument. A New Wave UP213 laser is connected to the ICP-MS for direct introduction of solid samples. 

Rottmann, L. and Heumann, K.G. (1994) Determination of heavy metal interactions with dissolved organic materials in natural aquatic systems by coupling a high-performance liquid chromatography system with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 66, 3709—3715. 

Iron-containing compounds in biological and clinical samples have been studied by separating them on chromatographic columns that were coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers. Four iron-containing proteins, namely ferritin, haemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochrome-c were separated on a gel permeation column (Takatera and Watanabe, 1991). The absolute detection limits were 0.01-1 mg for the four proteins when 10 ml injections of samples were analysed. In other research, excess iron accumulations in human and animal... 

Lustig, S., Michalke, B., Beck, W. and Schramel, R (1998) Platinum speciation with hyphenated techniques high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer -application to aqueous extracts from a platinum treated soil. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 360,18-23. 

Selenium Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer 0.2ppb [787, 788]... 

Zeolite samples were digested using a mixture of HF, HNO3 and HCIO4 in screw-top teflon bombs (Savillex). Ruthenium analyses were performed using a VG PlasmaQuad II Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. All samples were spiked with indium to serve as an internal standard. Atomic absorption was used to determine aluminum content. The results from the chemical analyses are shown in Table 1. 

Table 4 Typical Detection Limits Using a Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)a...

Figure 1 Outline of the multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (VG Elemental Plasma 54) at the University of Michigan (U-M). The U-M instrument is equipped with an extra 30-cm energy filter for high-abundance sensitivity measurements. (From Halliday et al., 1998b.)...

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