Inducing paralysis

Retrobulbar hemorrhages During the administration of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of strabismus, retrobulbar hemorrhages sufficient to compromise retinal circulation have occurred from needle penetrations into the orbit. It is recommended that appropriate instruments to decompress the orbit be accessible. Ocular (globe) penetrations by needles have also occurred. An ophthalmoscope to diagnose this condition should be available. Inducing paralysis in 1 or more extraocular P.788... 

Blocker/Pa ra lytic ] WARNING Use restricted to experienced personnel Uses Induce paralysis to facilitate ET intubation (RSI) Action Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine Dose Adults Peds. 0.04-0.1 mg/kg IV Maint 0.01 mg/kg q45-60min (onset w/in 1 min duration 30-60 min) Caution [C/-] Cardiac monitor, BP monitor, intubation supplies and ventilator required Contra Use w/ caution in... 

McKinlay MA, Frank JA, Steinberg BA. Use of WIN 51711 to prevent echovirus type 9-induced paralysis in suckling mice. J Infec Dis 1986 154 676-681. 

Curare was first brought to the attention of Queen Elizabeth of England by Sir Walter Raleigh. The remarkable ability of the drug to induce paralysis of the muscles led to its early use by Claude Bernard, Kolliker, Langley, and subsequent physiologists to study the mechanism of neuromuscular activity. However, the uncertain supplies of the drug, its variability, and the effects of its contaminants prevented its therapeutic application. 

Moreover, the time course of the SPAN-induced paralysis is greatly shortened by nerve stimulation, which increases the tightly coupled events of SV exocytosis and endocytosis (Sudhof 2004) on the contrary depressing nerve terminal activity decreases the rate of intoxication (Chang et al. 1973). The action of SPANs is also characterized by the fact that the toxic effects can be neutralized by antitoxin antibodies, or Sr2+ or washing with fresh medium only if performed within a short time period after toxin addition (Kamenskaya and Thesleff 1974 Simpson et al. 1993 Wilson et al. 1995). 

TG Geary, SM Sims, EM Thomas, L Vanover, JP Davis, CA Winterrowd, RD Klein, NFH Ho, DP Thompson. Haemonchus contortus ivermectin-induced paralysis of the pharynx. Exp Parasitol 77 88-96, 1993. 

The cations potassium, calcium, and magnesium also interact with barium. Barium exposure, for example, may cause a buildup of potassium inside the cell resulting in extracellular hypokalemia which is believed to mediate barium- induced paralysis. In fact, potassium is a powerful antagonist of the cardiotoxic and paralyzing effects of barium in animals (Foster et al. 1977 Jaklinski et al. 

Ryania consists of the powdered stem of the tropical shrub, Ryania speciosa. The extract contains ryanodine and related compounds, and has a low toxicity to mammals. The powder is used as a stomach poison on vegetables and fruit. Ryanodine induces paralysis in insects by direct action on the muscles, resulting in sustained contraction and paralysis. 

Singh YN, Harvey AL, Marshall IG. Antibiotic-induced paralysis of the mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation, and reversibihty by calcium and by neostigmine. Anesthesiology 1978 48(6) 418-24. 

Ackman JB, Rosenthal Dl. Generalized periarticular myositis ossificans as a comphcation of pharmacologically induced paralysis. Skeletal Radiol 1995 24(5) 395-7. 

The matemofetal transfer or rocuronium, as indicated by a fetaFmatemal plasma concentration ratio of 0.16, is between that of vecuronium and pancuronium (32). When rocuronium was used for cesarean section, no adverse effects on the fetus were observed (32). With regard to the duration of rocuronium-induced paralysis and the relatively high incidence of failed intubations in obstetric patients, however, it was agreed that rocuronium should be considered for rapid-sequence intubation for cesarean section only if suxamethonium is contraindicated (33-35). 

Fisher DM, Caldwell JE, Sharma M, When JE. The influence of bambuterol (carbamylated terbutaline) on the duration of action of succinylcholine-induced paralysis in humans. Anesthesiology 1988 69(5) 757-9. 

Baurain M, Barvais L, d Hollander A, Hennart D. Impairment of the antagonism of vecuronium-induced paralysis and intra-operative disopyramide administration. Anaesthesia 1989 44(l) 34-6. 

Jurasinski, C.V., Lieth, E., Dang Do, A.N., and Schengrund, C.L. 2001. Correlation of cleavage of SNAP-25 with muscle function in a rat model of botulinum neurotoxin type A induced paralysis. Toxicon 39 1309-1315. 

The biological activities of asperparalines against several insects were also examined. Asperparaline A (123) induced paralysis in silkworms at a dose of 10 pg/g diet within 1 h of oral administration, and the paralysis lasted for 7 to 10 h. When injected with a microsyringe, 123 induced paralysis at a dose of 3 pg/g body weight within 20 min, and the paralysis lasted for 4 to 5 h. Asperparalines B (124) and C (125) exhibited almost the same effect on silkworms. 

Mechanism Pyrantel pamoate and its congener, oxantel pamoate, stimulate nicotinic receptors present at neuromuscular junctions of nematodes. Contraction of muscles occurs, followed by a depolarization-induced paralysis. 

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