Induced bundle

Shklovskii BI. Wigner crystal model of counterion induced bundle formation of rodlike polyelectrolytes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999 82 3268-3271. 

J. X. Tang, S. E. Wong, P. T. Tran, and P. A. Janmey. Counterion induced bundle formation of rodlike poly electrolytes. Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft —Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics 100 796-806 (1996). 

Figure 5 (top). The images in Fig. 4. were quantified by measuring the slope of the scan-induced bundles at the left and right edges of the scan area. Each point represents the average of twenty measurements from many more images than shown in Fig. 4. Empirical factors were determined which, when applied to the frequency axis, shift the data taken at different temperatures to 142 C (bottom). The linearity of the plot in the inset suggests that the shift factors are described by the WLF equation.

Forced and Induced Draft The forced-draft unit, which is illustrated in Fig. 11-43 pushes air across the finnedtube surface. The fans are located oelow the tube bundles. The induced-draft design has the fan above the bundle, and the air is pulled across the finned tube surface. In theoiy, a primaiy advantage of the forced-draft unit is that less power is required. This is true when the air-temperature rise exceeds 30°C (54°F). 

Induced-draft design provides more even distribution of air across the bundle, since air velocity approaching the bundle is relatively low. This design is better suited (or exchangers designed for a close approach of product outlet temperature to ambient-air temperature. 

Air cooled heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a process fluid to ambient air. The process fluid is contained within heat eonducting tubes. Atmospherie air, whieh serves as the eoolant, is caused to flow perpendicularly across the tubes in order to remove heat. In a typical air cooled heat exchanger, the ambient air is either forced or induced by a fan or fans to flow vertically across a horizontal section of tubes. For condensing applications, the bundle may be sloped or vertical. Similarly, for relatively small air cooled heat exchangers, the air flow may be horizontal across vertical tube bundles. 

The plenum chamber design may be a simple box shape, formed by flat sides and bottom, or curved transition sections may be used to obtain a tapered smooth transition from the rectangular bundle to the circular fan. Either design may be used for forced-draft or induced-draft air cooled heat exchangers. 

For general service, the fans are axial flow, propeller type with 2-20 blades per fan which force or induce the air across the bundle. Four blades are considered minimum, and an even number of blades (2-20) are preferable to an odd... 

The above conclusion must certainly be taken with a measure of reserve as regards the mass velocity, for at very low velocities it appears reasonable to expect that the relative motion between vapor and liquid in a boiling channel will be affected sufficiently to influence the burn-out flux. Barnett s conclusion also applies to simple channels, whereas Fig. 35 discussed in Section VIII,C shows that a rod-bundle system placed in a horizontal position is likely to incur a reduction in the burn-out flux at mass velocities less than 0.5 x 106 lb/hr-ft2, presumably on account of flow stratification. Furthermore, gravitational effects induced in a boiling channel by such means as swirlers placed inside a round tube can certainly increase the burn-out flux as shown by Bundy et al. (B23), Howard (H10), and Moeck et al. (Ml5). 

Proteins that cross-link actin filaments bind to their sides to produce bundles or three-dimensional networks (Otto, 1994). In microvilli, approximately 20 actin filaments of the core are cross-linked by villin (95 kD) and fimbrin (68 kD) in helical array to form a compact bundle (Figure 5). Filamin (2 x 250 kD) induces the formation of an actin network with gel formation. By immunofluorescence microscopy, this ABP is found in the ruffled, motile edge of cultured cells, where only actin filaments are abundant. 

Melikyan GB, Markosyan RM, Hemmatl H, Delmedico MK, Lambert DM, Cohen FS. Evidence that the transition of HIV-1 gp41 into a six-helix bundle, not the bundle configuration, induces membrane fusion. J Cell Biol 2000 151(2) 413 124. 

UV-induced surface grafting of a polymer tape or a fiber bundle as substrate in a continuous operation with pretreatment of the substrate (presoaking) in a solution of sensitizer and monomer (10). The grafting takes place in a thin layer of solution on the surface of the moving substrate. 

The vibration induced by the fluid flowing over the tube bundle is caused principally by vortex shedding and turbulent buffeting. As fluid flows over a tube vortices are shed from the down-stream side which cause disturbances in the flow pattern and pressure distribution round the tube. Turbulent buffeting of tubes occurs at high flow-rates due to the intense turbulence at high Reynolds numbers. 

ESDU 87019 (1987) Flow induced vibration in tube bundles with particular reference to shell and tube heat... 

In the x-ray structure of rhodopsin, an amphipathic helix runs parallel to the membrane from the intracellular end of TM-VII beneath the seven-helical bundle to the other side of TM-I and TM-II. At this point, one or more Cys residues are often found and are known to be subject to a dynamic posttranslational modification with palmitic acid residues. Like the phosphorylation event, the palmitoylation process appears to be dynamically regulated by receptor occupancy and is also involved in the desensitization phenomenon. The two posttranslational modifications can influence each other. For example, the conformational constraint induced by palmitoylation may alter the accessibility of certain phosphorylation sites. Like the phosphorylation process, the functional consequences of palmitoylation also appear to vary from receptor to receptor. 

Self-assembled nanorods of vanadium oxide bundles were synthesized by treating bulk V2O5 with high intensity ultrasound [34]. By prolonging the duration of ultrasound irradiation, uniform, well defined shapes and surface structures and smaller size of nanorod vanadium oxide bundles were obtained. Three steps which occur in sequence have been proposed for the self-assembly of nanorods into bundles (1) Formation of V2O5 nuclei due to the ultrasound induced dissolution and a further oriented attachment causes the formation of nanorods (2) Side-by-side attachment of individual nanorods to assemble into nanorods (3) Instability of the self-assembled V2O5 nanorod bundles lead to the formation of V2O5 primary nanoparticles. It is also believed that such nanorods are more active for n-butane oxidation. 

Transgenic tomato plants Wound induced vascular bundle-specific expression of P-glucuronidase gene Jacinto et al. (14)... 

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