Indicators contextual

Scientific information—the contextual interpretation of experimental data—is published as free text. The same applies to the annotation of experimental results, genes, proteins, and compounds and the description of medical conditions. This clearly indicates that scientific information is not structured, which creates a major challenge for its reuse, management, and statistical analysis. This fact has largely been recognized, and much research... 

Several lines of evidence support the neurotrophic hypothesis. Animal and human studies indicate that stress and pain are associated with a drop in BDNF levels and that this loss of neurotrophic support contributes to atrophic structural changes in the hippocampus and perhaps other areas such as the medial frontal cortex and anterior cingulate. The hippocampus is known to be important both in contextual memory and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Likewise, the anterior cingulate plays a role in the integration of emotional stimuli and attention functions, whereas the medial orbital frontal cortex is also thought to play a role in memory, learning, and emotion. 

Figure 14.1 Positioning social responsibility in the organic sector. The arrows indicate the interconnectedness of the various contextual levels.

The arrows of Figure 2 represent examples of links between contextual information and event information. A network event links to host information with source and destination of the network connection. A system event links to local host information indicating on which host the event occurred. 

An example of the foreigrmess of university study that you may encounter immediately is that subjects have their own jargon - words and terms that are used in a specific way in their own context. Even If you look them up in the dictionary, you still won t understand the way they are used in a particuiar subject area because their contextual meanings are specific and unusual. Familiar words are used differently and new terms are invented. Different uses of words indicate different ways of thinking about and viewing... 

When comparing indicators from different countries, there is concern that national characteristics can influence the data in ways that make it difficult to draw conclusions. For instance, Lamvik and Ravn (2006) discuss that there might be differences in safely performance between countries because of contextual factors such as elements of national culture. One example is differences related to continuity of traditions regarding contractual terms aud arrangements, workforce, crew... 

The literature study in this report also indicates that other contextual factors changes in lO, which will have impact on the causal chains of DSHAs new decision making processes coordination and collaboration independent of location, organization and discipline shared situational awareness increased complexity and interactivity information overload new ways for communication automation of normal operation blurred responsibihties new work organizations and teamwork. 

Outcome indicators are among those typically called lag indicators in safety science literature, as the outcomes always follow something they are the consequences arising from multiple other situational and contextual factors. Outcome indicators measure the outcomes of the socioteehnical system. However, it has to be remembered that safety is not an outcome and thus cannot be measured with outcome indicators. Safety is a dynamic non-event (Weick 1987) and non-events caimot be characterised or counted. Thus, we have to look at the term dynamic and seek to identify the way the non-event is created and acknowledge that we cannot ever capture the non-event itself... 

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