System events

The Kyshtym accident (Urals, USSR) also happened in 1957 in a radiochemical plant for the recovery of plutonium. One of the three tanks of highly radioactive liquid waste was left without cooling and its instrumentation was defective. Overheating up to 380°C resulted together with 

The accident at Saint Laurent les Eaux, in France, happened in 1969 at one of the French gas-graphite reactors having a power of 1350 MWt. Partial damage of the fuel because of overheating happened. The external releases were minor. 

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A system event tree provides this display and uses the Tech Spec ciiicna (n specify the func tion. Figure 3.4.5-4 shows a system event tree developed from the function event tree presented as Figure 3.4.5-2, It should be noted that the functions RS, COl, C02 and ECR are accomplished by systems and are thus unchanged ongoing from a function to system event tree. ECI is quiic complex and may be performed by various system combinations such as 2 or 1 core spray (CS) loops, or various combinations of low pressure in jection (LPCI),... 

Fig. 3.4.5-4 iMrge LOCA as a System Event h (adapted from NUREG/CR-2300 ... 

System event trees use the information on the effects of loss of various safety functions identified in the function event trees. However, the sequences in the system event trees are likely to differ somewhat from the function event trees because system faults may fail multiple functions. 

System event trees connect to the containment event tree with a large number ot sequences fonned by different combinations of events. The number of sequences is made tractable by grouping sequences in release categories - a process called binning. Two approaches to binning are 1) probability screening and 2) plant-damage bins. 

System Analysis consists of five subtasks I) Link system event tree sequences to a containment event tree, 2) Eliminate unnecessary combinations, 3) Group remaining sequences by... 

A model is one of the main outcomes of ary scientific enquiry and hence is a major contributor to philosophy of science. A model may be defined as a simplified representation of a phenomenon (an object, system, event, process) or idea produced for the specific purpose of providing an explanation of that entity, the most important outcomes of which are the production of successful predictions of how it will behave under a range of circumstances (Gilbert, Boulter, Elmer, 2000). Entities can be modelled at the three levels at the macroscopic, by representing some of the aspects of the entity that can be seen at the sub-microscopic, by representing the ideas produced to explain the constitution and behaviour of the particles that constitute the entity and at the symbolic, by representing the symbols created to simplify the reference to such particles (as, for instance, chemical formulae and chemical equations). 

Winterbourn, C.C. (1990). Neutrophil oxidants production and reactions. In Oxygen Radicals Systemic Events and Disease Process (eds. D.K. Das and W.B. Essman) pp. 31-70. Karger, Basel. 

The presence of 26Mg excesses correlated with Al/Mg ratios in fifteen Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende and Leoville carbonaceous chrondrites has provided additional strong evidence for the in situ decay of 26A1 (see [9] for a recent review of isotopic anomalies). There are also, however, several examples of minerals whose isotopic compositions depart substantially from a unique Al-Mg isochron, even within a single inclusion [10,11]. Since deviations from the isochron may reflect either differences in the formation age of individual minerals or intrinsic heterogeneities in the initial 26A1/27A1 ratio, the value of the Al-Mg system as a chronometer for early solar system events remains unclear. 

Zitmer E (1997) Presolar material in meteorites an overview. In Astrophysical Implications of the I aboratory Study of Presolar Materials. Bematowicz TJ and Zinner E (eds) AIP, New York, p 3-26 Zinner EK, Gopel C (2002) Aluminium-26 in H4 chondrites implications for its production and its usefulness as a fine-scale chronometer for early solar system events. Meteorit Planet Sci 37 1001-1013 Zinner E, Amari S, Guitmess R, Nguyen A, Stadermann FJ, Walker RM, I wis RS (2003) Presolar spinel grains from the Murray and Murchison carbonaceous chondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67 5083-5095... 

In addition, the HP ChemStation provides password protection against accidental data loss or methods changes. The HP ChemStation controls and monitors all GC parameters and maintains a logbook of all system events that occur while the GC system is running. System-suitabihty software, which allows analysts to select from a wide variety of chromatographic parameters to monitor and verify system performance, is also available. 

Systemic events, possibly related to vasculitis, have developed in patients with rash. Although rare, these events may be serious, involving lung, kidney, or liver. Death has been associated with the events. 

Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000 343 1833-1838. 

The 60Fe-60Ni system has the potential to be a useful chronometer for early solar system events, but it is far from mature. Measurements made over the past few years have yielded confusing and conflicting results. These problems should resolve themselves as we learn how better to measure the samples and leam how to choose samples that meet the requirements for successful age dating. 

Zinner, E. and Gopel, C. (2002) Aluminum-26 in H4 chondrites implications for its production and its usefulness as a fine-scale chronometer for early solar system events. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 37, 1001—1013. 

The arrows of Figure 2 represent examples of links between contextual information and event information. A network event links to host information with source and destination of the network connection. A system event links to local host information indicating on which host the event occurred. 

NICE (2006) also recommends that beta-blockers are not used as an initial therapy for hypertension since they have been shown to be less effective at reducing the risk of a major cardiovascular system event, in particular stroke. 

Sequence control of process operations, and recipe/batch management and tracking. Alarm and device interlocking (often in addition to separate hard-wired systems). Event and alarm recording, and historical trend recording of process variables. 

Lugmair G. W. and Shukolyukov A. (2001) Early solar system events and timescales. Planet. Sci. 36,1017—1026. 

Lugmair G. W. and Shukolyukov A. (2001) Early solar system events and timescales. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 36, C17-C26. Lupton J. E. and Craig H. (1975) Excess He in oceanic basalts evidence for terrestrial primordial helium, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 26, 133-139. 

The incidence of serious nervous system events among patients taking chloroquine for less than a year has been estimated as one in 13 600. 

A review has suggested that fluoroquinolone-associated peripheral nervous system events are mild and short-term (30). Among 60 courses of quinolones in 45 patients (levofloxacin 33 courses, ciprofloxacin 11 courses, ofloxacin 6 courses, lomefloxacin 1 course, trovafloxacin 1 course in eight cases the same antibiotic was prescribed twice) there were 36 severe events that typically involved multiple organ systems. The symptoms lasted more than 3 months in 71% of cases and more than 1 year in 58%. The onset of the adverse events in the 45 patients was usually rapid 15 events began within 24 hours of the start of treatment, 26 within 72 hours, and 38 within 1 week. 

Totais inciude aii eariy or iate reiated or possibiy reiated systemic events, not just those with a frequency of at ieast 1%. 

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