INDEX spontaneous

This HBeAg-negative form is found worldwide it has a high replication rate and an increased histological index. Spontaneous remissions are less common than with the HBeAg-positive form. Therapy is based on lamivudine or adefovir (possibly with interferon). 

Figure 3.21. Effective index of TE and TM optical modes in a thin film of spiro-sexiphenyl on a glass substrate at the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) wavelength. Note the different cutoff thicknesses that determine the number of possible modes for a certain film thickness. 

This group of compounds, previously described as amine perchromates , is characterised by the presence of basic nitrogen and peroxo ligands within the same coordination sphere. This creates a high tendency towards explosive decomposition, which sometimes apparently occurs spontaneously. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Some of the internal salts derived from /V-hcterocycles are dangerously explosive solids, sensitive to modest heating and to impact, also liable to violent spontaneous decomposition, even in solution. A related A-nitroimide (hetero-N—NH—NO2) was also explosive. It is possible the benzotriazolium imidates were also, in fact, the tautomeric nitroaminobenzotriazoles. None of their potassium salts exploded [1]. Related chemistry has been examined with a view to new explosives, in particular l,4-bis(nitroamino)-l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, said to be surprisingly stable.The individually indexed unstable compounds are ... 

Alloys of reactive metals are often more pyrophoric than the parent metals. Examples are alloys of titanium with zirconium thorium with copper, silver or gold uranium with tin, lead or gold magnesium with aluminium hafnium with iron [1], Cerium amalgams and thorium-silver alloys are spontaneously flammable when dry [2], Individually indexed alloys are ... 

When acetic acid is diffusing from a 1.9 iV solution in water into benzene, spontaneous emulsion forms on the aqueous side of the interface, accompanied by a little interfacial turbulence. Results can be obtained with this system, however, if in analysing the refractive index gradient near the surface a correction is made for the spontaneous emulsion the rate of transfer is then in excellent agreement (57) with Eq. (20) (Fig. 6). Consequently there is no appreciable energy barrier due to re-solvation of the acetic acid molecules at the interface, nor does the spontaneous emulsion affect the transfer. With a monolayer of sodium lauryl... 

Fig. 12. Effect of spontaneous apoptosis on the activation of caspase-3 in human eosinophils. Eosinophils (2 x 10 /ml) were cultured for 3 h. Cells were lysed and caspase-3 activity was measured by caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit (R D Systems). Enzymatic products were measured at 405 nm with BIOTEK EL340 ELISA microplate reader (BIO-TEK Instrument Inc., Vermont). Human recombinant caspase-3 (5 U) (Calbiochem, California) was used as a positive control. The stimulation index was determined by direct comparison to the level of the normal control. Background readings from cell lysates and buffers were substracted from the readings of both induced and uninduced samples samples before calculating the stimulation index in caspase-3 activity. The differences between control and treated groups were assessed by Student s i-test. P < 0.05 P < 0.001 (Z2).

Therapy is perfectly adequate with simple iron salts (Table 2). In adults ferrous gluconate, fumarate or sulphate are all of proven equal efficiency. Approximately 50 mg of iron is present in each tablet with the remaining 300 mg made up with an inert filler. These are given on an empty stomach at least twice a day but should nausea prevail they can be taken with food. Absorption of slow release preparations is not recommended since iron is detached from the carrier beyond the main areas of absorption in the duodenum or jejunum. Stools turn black in all cases and this is a useful index of patient compliance. In 25% of individuals gastrointestinal tract side effects are encountered in the form of diarrhoea or constipation and patients will often spontaneously discontinue medication. It is therefore essential that a tablet-count be carried out on a regular basis with a substitute being provided when this first-line medication is intolerable. In children the same preparations are favoured as syrups these are given twice... 

Skin conductance represents changes in the electrical activity of skin. Resting skin conductance level (SCL) and the number of nonspecific fluctuations (spontaneous skin conductance responses [SCRs] seen in a resting state) are thought to reflect arousal. Skin conductance responses are also seen 1 to 3 seconds after stimulus onset, when they index the orienting reflex, which measures allocation of attention to the stimulus. Although SC arousal studies show some consistency, 4 out of 10 showed underarousal in antisocial-spectrum subjects no specific links to violence are reported (Scarpa and Raine, 1997). 

He points out that the variation of lifetime with glass matrix is due to at least two causes, the first being the changes in refractive index. If the wave functions of the ion remain essentially the same from host to host, the spontaneous-transition probability will increase with increasing refractive index because of the increase in density of final states. The second cause is configuration mixing of 4/ and 5d states, which must reflect the size and symmetry of the crystal field produced at the ion by the surroundings. 

The excited-state wavepacket spontaneously emits photons while undergoing transitions to any of the electronically-ground vibrational wavefunctions t (where we have lumped the final state quantum numbers i>/, jf in a single index f). The rate of emission from a given 4% component of the excited wavepacket to a given ground state is given in terms of the Einstein A-coefficient [9],... 

There is a correlation between the chemical reactivity of diol epoxides and relative carcinogenicity. The index of chemical reactivity has been taken as the ease of carbonium ion formation via spontaneous opening of the epoxide to the Zwitterion (Table XI). 

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