INDEX historical development

The first topological index (historically) is the Wiener index, developed by H. Wiener [339], which was used to model the boiling points of alkanes and was based on the following function ... 

Figure 3.8 Refractive index as a function of reciprocal dispersion (see Appendix A) showing historical development of optical glasses. Grey area represents modern glasses white...

The numerical sidesway collapse prediction depends on the model capabilities. Historically, the first nonlinear numerical models did not include deteriorating characteristics, and damage indexes were developed to predict collapse based on maximum displacements and/or dissipated energy. The most widespread cumulative damage model was the Park-Ang model (Park and Ang 1985), which was developed specifically for reinforced concrete components. The damage measure (DM) consisted of a linear combination of displacement and energy demands ... 

The evalnation of phenolic snbstances in wine is a historical topic, and colorimetric methods were developed at hrst for qnality control of wine. Nowadays, it is still performed, and a parameter named optical density is still measnred as an index of color, while other indices have been developed for a rapid evalnation of phenolic componnd content. Moreover, the form of some phenolic compnnds (mono- or diglncoside) is nsed to distingnish between wines obtained by the fermentation of the jnice of Vitis vinifera or Vitis rupestris. 

Bartussek, H. 2003. An historical account of the development of the animal needs index ANI-35L as part of the attempt to promote and regulate farm animal welfare in Austria - an example of the interaction between animal welfare science and society. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science. Suppl. 30 34-41. 

Once the paste is packed into the electrode body, the surface is polished on some mild abrasive such as an index card (historically an IBM computer card). Provided the face of the electrode holder is initially smooth, very reproducible electrode areas (less than 5% variation) and reactivities are attained. In fact, a major motivation for developing carbon paste electrodes was the ease of surface renewal and reproducibility. 

Book Chattaraj PK (ed) (2009) Chemical reactivity theory. CRC press, Boca Raton, FL. Historical account by Parr, then theoretical development of electron density properties and reactivity indexes. Review of hook Hackett JC (2010) J Am Chem Soc 132 7558... 

Porphobilinogen and Studies of Its Biosynthesis, ft. Neier. Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of Iso-Condensed Heteroaromatic Pyrroles, C. K. Sha. Azacyclopentadienyl Metal Compounds Historical Background and Recent Advances, C. Janiak and N. Kuhn. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids, A. M. Echavar-ren. Alkaloid Synthesis Using 1-Acylpyridinium Salts as Intermediates, D. L. Comins and S. P. Joseph. Index. S S... 

For Hegel, truth is historical. If it is historical then it is flexible, shape-shifting and index-linked to developments across time.42 Truth is like the note that has worked free of its metallic equal, invading the realm of the symbolic. Hegel s emphasis shifts to the concept of illusory being or semblance, in German, Schein, which is also the word for banknote. Regimes fix values in coin and note, but the promise of eternal security is undermined by inflation, devaluation and speculation. Its material form - its natural aspects - also continue to assert themselves in wear and tear. 

Coal is an affordable source of energy insofar as coal prices have historically been lower and more stable than oil and gas prices, and despite the growth of index and derivative-based sales in recent years, this has typically remained the case. Placing a cost on carbon emissions more directly will, in certain circumstances, put pressure on this interfuel cost relationship. However, coal is likely to remain the most affordable fuel for power generation in many developing and industrialized countries for several decades. 

The logistical requirements of such an analysis are not stringent. Much of this work in the literature is transparent, since the details of such a sample manipulation are within the experimental section of a manuscript, and the work is not referenced or indexed as an application of TLC/MS. The references cited in this section are therefore more historical in nature, showing the development of the method through this logical first step in its development. Work of this sort continues with newer ionization methods, including electrospray ionization and APCI methods. As a caution, the flow of solvent that contains the sample extracted from a TLC separation should be passed through a fine particulate filter to remove the silica gel particles from the stream directed into the source of the mass spectrometer. 

Antimony chloride oxide (ClOSb) is a white compound whose extent of use as a historical pigment is unknown. Preparation has been discussed by Schenk (1963). The Colour Index (1971) designation is Cl 77055. It is also known as powder of Algaroth or Algarotti white after its inventor Vittorio Algarotti, who developed it as an emetic (Lavoisier, 1790). 

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