Inclusion systems

Over recent years a variety of new helical canal inclusion systems have been discovered and characterised, and an increasing awareness has developed of the roles played by canal topology and helicity in the function of certain biological systems. 

Multimolecular helical inclusion networks formed by rigid alicyciic diols, urea, deoxycholic acid, and tri-o-thymotide are described and contrasted, followed by discussion of DNA intercalates, amylose compounds, and other inclusion systems formed by helical polymers. 

The chiral selectors most commonly used as additives in the buffer can be divided into three main categories inclusion systems [e.g., cyclodextrins (CDs) or crown ethers], enantioselective metal-ion complexes [e.g. cop-per(II)-L-histidine or copper(II)-aspartame], and optically active surfactants (e.g., chiral mixed micelles or bile acids). Cyclodextrins are the most widely reported, and they are used in low-pH buffers for the resolution of... 

Other Organometallic Inclusion Systems 12.16.1.9.1 Crown-ethers as organometallic hosts... 

The same variables will be used at different system levels. The international system is the most inclusive system treated by this book. National and supranational systems are subsystems of the international system. They may, however, be treated separately as systems, in which case inputs from the international system would function as parameters. This holds also for subsystems of nation states and even for personality systems. ... 

The diversity of the inclusion of molecules of any type into host lattices which are distinctly inorganic is now becoming apparent [31], Apart from the oxidic zeolites, aluminosilicates and derivatives with other tetrahedral sites, there are the layered silicates and minerals, pillared clays and numerous other intercalation and inclusion systems, including graphite, metal sulfides and metal cyanides [23, 32, 33]. 

Amid progress there remain numerous challenges. Despite the fact that many corporations reflect the diversity of the population, distribution and representation across levels and functions remains disproportionate in many cases. Exclusion continues to be easier than inclusion. Systemic forms of discrimination and oppression (such as racism, sexism, heterosexism) still exist. The... 

Harris, K.D.M. Thomas. J.M. Structural aspects of the chlorocyclohexane/thiourea inclusion system. J. Chem. Soc.. Faraday Trans. 1990, 86. 1095. 

Versatile roles of (thio)urea in the 5-nitrobarbiturate inclusion systems... 

As a natural development of the successful molecular inclusion concept, which involved electrostatic as well as van der Waals forces between the interacting host and guest entities, an increasing interest has been shown in the systematic study of lattice-inclusion type systems. A considerable effort has been devoted to the design of new hosts for the formation of stable crystaUine clathrates and the improvement of selective complexations with potential guests. Suitable examples of clathrates studied in recent years include hosts such as Dianin s compounds , perhydrotriphenylene , cyclotriveratrylene triphenylmethane hexakis-(arylthio) and -(arylthiomethyl)benzenes tri-o-thymotide (TOT) and choleic acids (cf. Fig. 1 in Ch. 1 of Vol. 140). Selected series of such clathrate inclusion systems have particularly been useful in research of photochemical reactions in the solid state and of selective molecular complexation that is central to biological phenomena... 

Toughness enhancement can be realized by homogeneous rubber particles, core-shell particles, or heterogeneous modifier particles in the so-called disperse systems. The rubber content varies usually between 5 and 30 wt.%. An alternative is a network arrangement of the rubber in inclusion systems or network systems. 

The radioactive inclusive system composed of a sealing workshop and several radioactive inclusive cells is designed to guarantee the radiation emission imder the national nuclear safety limit. 

Xu W, Vittal JJ, Puddephatt RJ (1995) Inorganic inclusion chemistry a novel anion inclusion system. J Am Chem Soc 117 8362-8371... 

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