Incident effects

HARMFUL CHEMICAL-INDUSTRY INCIDENTS EFFECTS PROGNOSIS SYSTEM OF THE TERRITORIAL CENTER FOR EMERGENCY MEDICINE SUPPLY OF INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS DATA... 

Harmful Chemical-Industry Incidents Effects Prognosis System... 

These special analyses are prepared from the quantifiable risk analysis and a total risk scenario can be presented which depicts the estimated incident effects. An example is shown in Table 8. 

The single most important statistical consideration in the design of bioassays in the past was based on the point of view that what was being observed and evaluated was a simple quantal response (cancer occurred or it didn t), and that a sufficient number of animals needed to be used to have reasonable expectations of detecting such an effect. Though the single fact of whether or not the simple incidence of neoplastic tumors is increased due to an agent of concern is of interest, a much more complex model must now be considered. The time-to-tumor, patterns of tumor incidence, effects on survival rate, and age of first tumor all must now be captured in a bioassay and included in an evaluation of the relevant risk to humans. 

Figure 1.2. Physical processing incident effects. (Tom Volh/The Morning Call Inc., copyright 1999.)...

Average individual risk (exposed population) is the individual risk averaged over the population that is exposed to risk from the facility (e.g., all of the operators in a building, or those people within the largest incident effect zone). This risk measure is only useful if the risk is relatively uniformly distributed over the population, and can be extremely misleading if risk is not evenly distributed. 

Eichler P, Friesen HJ, Lubenow N, Jaeger B, Greinacher A. Antihirudin antibodies in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia treated with lepirudin incidence, effects on aPTT, and clinical relevance. Blood 2000 96(7) 2373-8. 

The major accident reality however is somewhat different What we find is that if you manage the small incidents effectively, the small incident rate improves, but the major accident rate stays the same, or even slightly increases. 

Firewater Pumps Several catastrophic fire incidents in the petroleum industry have been the result of the facility firewater pumps being directed affected by the initial incident effects. The cause of these impacts has been mainly due to locating fire pumps in vulnerable locations without adequate protection measures from probable incidents and the unavailability or provision of other backup water sources. A single point failure analysis of the firewater distribution network is an effective analysis that can be performed to identify where design deficiencies may exists. For all high risk locations, firewater supplies should be available from several remotely located sources that are totally independent of each other (see Figure 8.4) and utility systems that are required for support. 

J. S. Cooper, T. F. Pajak, P. Rubin, L. Tupchong, L. W. Brady, G. E. Laramore, V. A. Marcial, L. W. Davis, J. D. Cox and S. A. Leibel, Second malignancies in patients who have head and neck cancer incidence, effect on survival and implications based on the RTOG experience, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 1989, 17, 449-456. 

For off-normal bombardment, the sputtering yield initially increases to a maximum then decreases rapidly as the bombarding particles are reflected from the surface this effect is called the angle-of-incidence effect , as shown in Figure 7.3. The maximum sputtering yield... 

Geometrical shadowing effects (angle-of-incidence effects)... 

Angle-of-incidence effect (film growth) The effect of the angle-of-incidence of the adatoms on the development of a film-morphology. See also Columnar morphology. 

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