In production systems

Taguchi, T., Elsayed, E. A. and Thomas, H. 1989 Quality Engineering in Production Systems. NY McGraw-Hill International Edition. 

Herrmann, C., Bergmann, L., Thiede, S., and Zein, A., 2007. Energy labels for production machines - An approach to facilitate energy efficiency in production systems, Proceedings of 40th CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems, Liverpool,... 

In the metallic mode, the pumping speed of the sputter process is high compared to the pumping speed of the turbo pump while the opposite is true in the oxide mode. These changes of the systems pumping speed due to target oxidation are even more severe in production systems. 

Not all models are necessarily specified as equations to be solved. Some are specified procedurally, in the form of rules (as in production systems such as OPS-5 or OPS-83) and/or in qualitative terms. These models offer even more interesting problems to solve, which can take us into the domain of expert system concepts. Learning to pose and solve such models effectively is still an area for research. 

Not understanding structure formation reactions may result in the occurrence of mal-structures such as phase separation or mealiness, which results in product systems not appreciated by the consumer or creating avoidable costs due to trial-and-error product development with variable product performance. 

In large-scale GLC there is a tremendous difference in volume of sorbed and non sorbed solutes. Thus (he "sorption effect is importunt unless the feed pulse Is very dilute which wonid be rare in production systems. The Borpiion effect causes a sharpening of the front of the peak and a tailing of the tear. In GLC the isotherm effect dees the opposite since sorption is favored as more solute dissolves in the stationary liquid phase. The two effects thus cancel to some extent and peaks can be quite sherp if operation is at the... 

Reid, D. Proceedings of the Developments in Production Systems Conference IBC Technical Service Ltd. London, 1993. 

Taguchi, G., Elsayed, A. E., and Hsiang, T. (1990), Quality Engineering in Production Systems, McGraw-HiU, New York. 

Both types of work are undergoing considerable change. In postindustrial societies, assembly work in its classical sense (Taylor, 1923) is being modified in order to allow more flexibility in production systems and more individual control and responsibility (e.g.. Wall Martin, 1987). Supervisory monitoring is being transformed by computerized control systems that tend to diminish requirements for activity by the operator and confine him or her to centralized control rooms at a distance from the actual production process. 

Terkaj W, Tolio T, Valente A (2009b) Focused flexibility in production systems. In ElMaraghy HA (ed) Changeable and reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Springer, London, pp 47-66... 

Optimization in production systems is used at all levels (strategic, tactical, operative), and for each level objective and constraints must be declared. At the strategic level, the objectives in production are defined with the aim to support decisions such as the selection of product and process, the constraction of new plants, and the acquisition of external resources. At the tactical level, the objectives are defined in order to support decisions such as production planning, resource management, and identificatimi of procedures. Operative objectives are strictly related to decisions of flow management (scheduling, inventory, etc.), management and control of operations, and quality control. 

Braglia, M. Bevilacqua, M. 2000. Fuzzy modelling and analytical hierarchy processing as a means of quantifying risk levels associated with failure modes in production systems. Technology, Law and Insurance 5 125-134... 

Isaksen, S.L. 2008. New insight into measures of component importance in production systems. ESREL paper 2008... 

Anderson, J.R., Thompson, R. (1989). Use of analogies in production system architecture. In S. Vosniadou A. Ortony (eds.), Similarity and analogical reasoning. New York Cambridge University Press. 

Feigenbaum, A.V. (1986) Quality improvement and learning in productive systems. Management Science, October, pp. 1305-1315. 

Problems in the separation system. There are several problems that oilfield operators and service companies address in production system of an oilfield. These problems may involve solids that inhibit or reduce the efficiency of the separation process, or they may be microbiological in nature. The solids that present the most problems in the separation system are either sulfate-based scale, namely calcium or barium sulfate, or iron sulfide. 

A possibility could be to temporarily ignore the availability and only consider the criticality given the structural position in the system. This can be found by e.g. assigning equal availabilities to all components and then apply an importance measure. No component can be more critical than the ones which are in series with the rest of the system. These are often present in production systems and will thus always end up with the highest criticality when differences in availability are ignored. In that case it is easy to determine which components should be prioritized when it comes to obtaining improved reliability data. 

In summary, the current considerations in Industrie 4.0 require that information processing has to be enhanced toward a semantically integrated approach, which allows data analysis on data coming both from product and production system lifecycle processes. In production system engineering, the current focus on data processing has to be moved on to information processing of semantically enriched data. 

All technologies applicable in production systems can evolve. These developments enable new technical possibilities for the design and appUcation of production systems. Envisioned possibilities shall include... 

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