In crustaceans

Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-p,p-carotene-4,4-dione) is widely distributed in Nature and is the principal pigment in crustaceans and sahnonids. The carotenoid imparts distinctive orange-red coloration to the animals and contributes to consumer appeal in the market place. 

Petri, G. and G.P Zauke. 1993. Trace metals in crustaceans in the Antarctic Ocean. Ambio 22 529-536. 

Median BCF values in aquatic biota exposed to various concentrations of Pb+2 for 14 to 140 days varied from about 42 in fish to 2570 in mussels intermediate values were 536 for oysters, 500 for insects, 725 for algae, and 1700 for snails (USEPA 1985). There are several notable exceptions to this array significantly higher values have been reported in crustacean hepatopancreas (Heyraud and Cherry 1979), in various species of freshwater invertebrates (Spehar et al. 1978), in fish bone (Demayo et al. 1982) and liver (Haux and Larsson 1982), and in whole oysters (Zaroogian et al. 1979). In oysters, for example, BCF values varied from 3450 to 6600 after exposure to solutions... 

Half-time persistence of zinc in the prawn (Palaemon elegans) is about 17 days (Nugegoda and Rainbow 1988b), and between 30 and 270 days for five other crustacean species (NAS 1979). Differences in half-time persistence are finked to differences in excretion rates of ionic zinc and complexed zinc. In general, ionic zinc in crustaceans is excreted first, then complexed zinc surface-adsorbed zinc is turned over faster than internally adsorbed zinc molting accounts for 33 to 50% loss of the total body burden in crabs (Eisler 1981). 

Larvae of fathead minnows had dose-dependent growth inhibition (controls grew 8.3% and high-dose group 3.1%) and seemed related to reductions in crustacean and rotifer populations in the treated enclosures. Chlorpyrifos in high-dose enclosure was <3 pg/L at 96 h and <0.16 pg/L at day 30 (Brazner and Kline 1990)... 

In crustaceans, Corg/Csed ratios decreased with decreasing hydrophobicity the opposite occurred in eels and is attributed to differences in uptake efficiencies and low elimination rates of lower-chlorinated congeners in crustaceans (van der Oost et al. 1988). 

In crustaceans, ratios decreased with decreasing hydrophobicity the opposite occurred in... 

Hormones of insects and crustaceans. Peptide neurohormones of insect brains348 include the pentapeptide proctolin (Table 30-5), which was first iso-lated from the cockroach and has since been found in crustaceans and in mammalian brain. It has been traced to specific insect neurons.349 A nonapeptide neurohormone from the shore crab does not resemble any other known vertebrate or invertebrate hormone.350... 

The mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone of the crab Cancer pagurus produces two neurohormones that inhibit the secretion of methyl famesoate, which is thought to function as the juvenile hormone in crustaceans 357... 

P.M. McDonough and E.A. Hemmingsen, Bubble formation in crustaceans following decompression from hyperbaric gas exposures, J. Appl. Physiol. 56 (1984) 513-519. 

The HpCDD congeners (1,2,3,4,6,7,9- and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-) were detected in crustacean hepatopancreas tissue ranging from 31.7 to 411.9 ppt, while meat samples contained 0.00-8.5 ppt. Striped bass tissue samples contained 4-11.4 ppt. Concentrations of OCDD ranged from 50.5 to 94.6 ppt in crustacean hepatopancreas tissues, 6.3-78.8 ppt in meat samples, while concentrations in striped bass ranged from 5.1-49.5 ppt (Rappe et al. 1991). 

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