Ocean Antarctic

Vertical profiles and surface concentrations of DDT dissolved in the ocean were measured by Tanabe and Tatsukawa (1983). Water samples for depths down to 5000 m were taken on three cruises of the Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo and on a cruise by the University of Fisheries, Tokyo. The cruises were carried out between 1976 and 1981 in the Western Pacific, Eastern Indian and Antarctic oceans. 

Fig. 3.9 Vertical profiles of DDT concentration [ng/L] in the Pacific ocean close to Japan (A),(B), in the Indian ocean (E), and in the Antarctic ocean (F). Model results in comparison with observations from Tanabe and Tatsukawa (1983).

No documented report of fatal copper deficiency is available for any species of aquatic organism, and no correlation is evident in aquatic biota for the presumed nutritional copper requirements of a species and its sensitivity to dissolved copper (Neff and Anderson 1977). Extremely low copper concentrations (5.5 and 6.7 mg/kg DW) in whole bodies of 2 of 17 species of crustaceans from the Antarctic Ocean support the hypothesis that certain Antarctic species may show copper deficiencies or reduced metal requirements (Petri and Zauke 1993). 

Petri, G. and G.P Zauke. 1993. Trace metals in crustaceans in the Antarctic Ocean. Ambio 22 529-536. 

Mexico, summer, 1976, soft parts, c/s-chlordane Krill, Euphausia superba, Antarctic Ocean 1980-82, whole ... 

Benthic fish, Trematomus bernacchii, Antarctic Ocean, 1980-82, whole c/s-Chlordane 4 (2-8) LW 4... 

Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellr, Antarctic Ocean 1980-82 blubber... 

Minke whale, Balaenoptera rostrata Antarctic Ocean 1990-91 1.5 FW 84... 

Tanoue, E., N. Handa, and M. Kato. 1982. Horizontal and vertical distributions of particulate organic matter in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Trans. Tokyo University Fisheries 5 65-83. 

For example deep water samples from the North Atlantic, Pacific, and Antarctic Oceans show 8lsO 0.05, —0.15 and —0.40%o, respectively. 

Benthic fish, Trematomus bernacchll, Antarctic Ocean, ... 

Tanabe, S., Kawano, M., Tatsukawa, R., 1982a. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Antarctic, western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. Trans. Tokyo Univ. Fish. 5, 97-109. Tanabe, S., Kawano, M., Hidaka, H., Tatsukawa, R., 1982. Global distribution and atmospheric transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons HCH (BHC) isomers and DDT compounds in the western Pacific, eastern Indian and Antarctic Oceans. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 38, 137-148. 

Mimura, T., Okabe, M., Satake, M., Nakanishi, T., Inada, A., Fujimoto, Y., Hata, F., Matsumura, Y., and Ikekawa, N., Fatty acids and sterols of the tunicate, Salpa thompsoni, from the Antarctic Ocean chemical composition and hemolytic activity, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34, 4562, 1986. 

Schor, L. and Seldes, A. M., Steroids from aquatic organisms — XVII. Sterol composition of the salp Ihlea racovitzai from the Antarctic Ocean, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 92B, 195, 1989. 

Thermal Stability. Increased catalytic efficiency at low temperatures is associated often with a decrease in thermal stability (41). Proteolytic enzymes from the pyloric caeca of cod, herring, and mackerel are more heat labile than bovine trypsin (42) the thyroid protease of burbot from cold waters had lower thermal stability than that from burbot in a warmer habitat (43). The half-life of myofibrillar ATPase at 37°C averages 1 min for the enzyme from Antarctic Ocean fish species, 70 min for the enzyme from fish species in the Indian Ocean, and 600 min for the enzyme from East African hot spring fish (33). 

Sournia A (1988) Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae) How many species Nova Hedwigia 47 211-217 Treshnikov AF (1964) Surface water circulation in the Antarctic Ocean. In Russian. Sovet. Antarkticheskaia Eksped., Inform, biull., 45 5-8. Eng. transl. (1965) In Soviet Antarctic Expedition, Information Bulletin, 5 81-83... 

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