In bold

Figure 2-74. Basic stages for describing a stereoisomer by a permutation descriptor. At the stereocenter, the molecule is separated into the skeleton and its ligands. Both are then numbered independently, with the indices of the skeleton in italics, the indices of the ligands in bold.

Diastereotopic (Section 7 13) Descnbing two atoms or groups in a molecule that are attached to the same atom but are in stereochemically different environments that are not mirror images of each other The two protons shown in bold in H2C=CHC1 for example are diastereotopic One is cis to chlonne the other is trans... 

Entries from the experimental data are in bold type)... 

Value of re-entered from penultimate line marked t-Entries in bold type in each line were obtained by multiplying the stated value of 1/0 by the value of 6vf for the line. 

The acid or base that is eventually titrated is indicated in bold. 

Melting points above 30 °C are given in bold melting points below 30 °C are not included. 

Figure 3 The chemical structures of the ligands used in the molecular modeling study of the Di dopamine receptor. The ligands were divided into two groups (active and inactive) based on their pharmacological properties. The hypothesized pharmacophoric elements are shown in bold.

Table 2.10. Jhh coupling constants (Hz) and relative configuration The coupling path is shown in bold...

Table 45.1. Partial structures from the CH COSY and CH COLOC plots (the protons are given in Italic numerals, C atoms separated by a single bond are given in bold numerals and C atoms separated by two or three bonds...

In Table 1, drawn up by the author, of abbreviations in common use those in bold type are in the main schedule of BS 3502. In this list the names given for the materials aie the commonly used scientific names. This situation is further complicated by the adoption of a nomenclature by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for systematic names and a yet further nomenclature by the Association for Science Education which is widely used in British schools but not in industry. Some examples of these are given in Table 2. Because many rubbery materials have been referred to in this book. Tables 3 and 4 list abbreviations for these materials. 

Tab. 1.1. Surface-specific analytical techniques using particle or photon excitation. The acronyms printed in bold are those used for methods discussed in more details in this publication.

With strategic bond guidance, it is easy to find 2-Gp transform disconnections even if neither FG of an effective retron is present. In the case of the bridged aldehyde 160, recognition of the strategic bond shown (in bold face) keys FGI processes in both directions from the bond, which successfully establish the aldol retron leading to molecular disconnection by a sequence of aldol and Michael transforms, to generate a simple chiral precursor.31... 

Chemicals exhibiting a difference of at least 0.1 mm between Westerberg and European values appear in bold. 

To locate a citation of a reference in the text, look for the author s name in the author index. The full reference can be found on the page number that appears in bold in the first column the reference number itself appears in italics in the second column and the page(s) of the text where the reference is cited appear in roman type in the. third column. 

For example, reference 139, whose full citation appears on page 53, is listed under Chambers, O. R. The number 53 appears in bold, and the number 48, which refers to the page in which reference 139 is cited in the text, is in roman type. 

The events and causal factors chart for this incident is shown in Figure 7.9. The primary sequence of events is shown horizontally in bold boxes. Secondary events are shown in the other boxes, and conditions are in ovals. From the diagram three causal factors were identified and carried forward to the Root Cause Coding to establish the root causes of the causal factors. 

Enantiotopic (Section 7.9) Describing two atoms or groups in a molecule whose environments are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. The two protons shown in bold in CH3CH2CI, for example, are enantiotopic. Replacement of first one, then the other, by some arbitrary test group yields compounds that are enantiomers of each other. 

When UNIX and VMS eommands and file or pathnames appear within normal text, they are set in bold and normal sans-serif type (respectively). 

Tfible 15.1 Some sullide minerals (those in bold are the more prevalent or important)... 

Oxidation states found only in solids are given in brackets numbers in bold indicate the most stable oxidation states in aqueous solution. Colours refer to aqueous solutions ... 

Table 31.5 Oxides of the Actinide Elements The most stable oxide of each element is printed in bold.

A few comments on the layout of the book. Definitions or common phrases are marked in italic, these can be found in the index. Underline is used for emphasizing important points. Operators, vectors and matrices are denoted in bold, scalars in normal text. Although I have tried to keep the notation as consistent as possible, different branches in computational chemistry often use different symbols for the same quantity. In order to comply with common usage, I have elected sometimes to switch notation between chapters. The second derivative of the energy, for example, is called the force constant k in force field theory, the corresponding matrix is denoted F when discussing vibrations, and called the Hessian H for optimization purposes. 

Values in bold type show the extension forces, using the full piston area. Values in italic type are for the retraction force for various piston rod diameters. Remember that force values are theoretical, derived by calculation. Experience has shown that probably 5 per cent but... 

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